FUNCTION OF TAIL STREAMERS OF RED-TAILED TROPICBIRDS (PHAETHON RUBRICAUDA) AS INFERRED FROM PATTERNS OF VARIATION
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract We investigated the function of Red-tailed Tropicbird (Phaethon rubricauda) tail streamers by quantifying patterns of variation in streamers and other measurable traits on the basis of measurements of 659 individuals, including 422 of known age and 459 of known sex, measured in the field from 2000 to 2002. Our data were consistent with the idea that Red-tailed Tropicbirds' tail streamer ornaments function for mate attraction, but it suggested that variability in streamer expression is arbitrary and unlikely to provide a meaningful signal of individual quality during mate choice. The two elongated red tail streamers are composed of bilaterally symmetrical filamentous central rectrices with a black rachis and narrow red vane averaging 399 ± 1.8 mm (SE) in length when fully grown. Prior to breeding, individuals of opposite sex conspicuously display elongated red tail streamers during complex aerial courtship. Streamers exhibited measurement asymmetries (the difference between new and old fully grown tail streamers) of up to 144 mm because of wear at the tip of the older streamer, which accounts for most of the difference in the lengths of two fully grown streamers in individual birds. As in other putative sexually selected traits, tail streamers were more variable than nonornamental traits across individuals. Males were slightly larger than females in length of fully grown streamers (ratio 1.04), culmen length (ratio 1.02), and tarsal length (ratio 1.01). There was no correlation between fully grown streamer length and body size (score on first principal component) (r = 0.004), wing length (males, r = 0.05; females, r = 0.10), or mass (males, r = 0.10; females, r = 0.04), which is consistent with the hypothesis that streamers have an ornamental rather than aerodynamic function. There was a significant correlation between the ratio of streamer lengths (growing vs. fully grown, r = 0.50) of male and female pair members, indicating that at least the timing of ornament development was coordinated within pairs. However, tail streamers did not appear to be good indicators of an individual's “quality;” on the basis of 372 adults of known age (3–22 years), streamer length did not increase with age (r = 0.30) and was not correlated with an index of body condition (r = 0.03). The streamer length of pair members was not correlated with chick asymptotic body mass or chick fate, nor was female streamer length with egg size.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,004 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».