FORTY-SEVENTH SUPPLEMENT TO THE AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS' UNION CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS

This is the sixth Supplement since publication of the 7th edition of the Check-list of North American Birds (American Ornithologists' Union [AOU] 1998). It summarizes decisions made by the AOU's Committee on Classification and Nomenclature—North America between 1 January and 31 December 2005. The Committee has continued to operate in the manner outlined in the 42nd Supplement (AOU 2000). Changes in this Supplement fall into the following categories: (1) three species are added because of splits from species already on the list (Calonectris edwardsii, Dendragapus fuliginosus, Loxigilla barbadensis); (2) one species is added because of new distributional information (Fregetta tropica); (3) two species replace others presently on the list because of splitting of extralimital forms (Cuculus optatus, Ficedula albicilla); (4) one species name (Streptopelia risoria) is changed because of recognition of its status as a feral form of S. roseogrisea; (5) one family is merged into another (Dendrocolaptidae into Furnariidae), with no resultant nomenclatural changes; (6) one subfamily is elevated to status of family (Stercorariidae), with no resultant nomenclatural changes; (7) one genus (Asturina) is merged with another (Buteo), resulting in a new name combination (B. nitidus); (8) one species (sissonii) is transferred from one genus (Thryomanes) to another (Troglodytes); and (9) two species (Myiozetetes similis, Catharus mexicanus), in addition to three of the four added to the entire list [see (1) and (2) above], are added to the list of species known to occur in the United States. More sweeping changes are involved in reclassifications of entire tribes or subfamilies because of new data on relationships, with resultant changes in several well-known scientific names in each group. In the shorebird tribe Tringini, the genera Heteroscelus and Catoptrophorus are merged into Tringa, with resultant new name combinations for their three included species. In the tern subfamily Sterninae, five previously recognized generic names are resurrected for species placed in Sterna in the 7th edition (AOU 1998)—Onychoprion, Sternula, Gelochelidon, Hydroprogne, and Thalasseus—with resultant new name combinations for 13 species on the list. The cuckoo subfamily Coccyzinae is merged with Cuculinae, one old generic name (Coccycua) is resurrected, and two genera (Saurothera and Hyetornis) are merged into Coccyzus, with resultant new name combinations for seven species. Changes of classification of entire genera, tribes, subfamilies, and even families will become more frequent as DNA evidence continues to provide new or confirm old concepts of relationships. The addition of four species to the list brings the total known to occur in the Check-list area to 2,041. This Supplement presents new name combinations for 28 species and replacements for three species on the list. Five generic names go out of use, but six others are revived. One new family name is used, and one family name and one subfamily name go out of use. Literature that provides the basis for the Committee's decisions is cited at the end of the Supplement, and citations not already in the Literature Cited of the 7th edition (with Supplements) become additions to it. An updated list of the bird species known from the AOU Check-list area may be found at 〈http://www.AOU.org/aou/checklist/index.php3〉. The following changes to the 7th edition (to which page numbers refer) and its Supplements result from the Committee's actions: pp. xvii-liv. Insert the following names in the proper position as indicated by the text of this Supplement: Calonectris edwardsii Cape Verde Shearwater (A) Fregetta tropica Black-bellied Storm-Petrel (A) Buteo nitidus Gray Hawk Dendragapus fuliginosus Sooty Grouse Streptopelia roseogrisea African Collared-Dove (I) Cuculus optatus Oriental Cuckoo (A) Troglodytes sissonii Socorro Wren Ficedula albicilla Taiga Flycatcher (A) Loxigilla barbadensis Barbados Bullfinch Remove the following names: Asturina nitida Gray Hawk Streptopelia risoria Ringed Turtle-Dove (I) Thryomanes sissonii Socorro Wren Ficedula parva Red-breasted Flycatcher (A) Cuculus saturatus Oriental Cuckoo (A) DENDROCOLAPTIDAE Change Dendragapus obscurus from Blue Grouse to Dusky Grouse Change Stercorariinae to STERCORARIIDAE and move the entire family to follow Rynchops niger. Rearrange the first 15 names in the family Scolopacidae to the following sequence: Xenus cinereus Terek Sandpiper (N) Actitis hypoleucos Common Sandpiper (N) Actitis macularius Spotted Sandpiper Tringa ochropus Green Sandpiper (A) Tringa solitaria Solitary Sandpiper Tringa brevipes Gray-tailed Tattler (N) Tringa incana Wandering Tattler Tringa erythropus Spotted Redshank (N) Tringa melanoleuca Greater Yellowlegs Tringa nebularia Common Greenshank (N) Tringa semipalmata Willet Tringa flavipes Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa stagnatilis Marsh Sandpiper (A) Tringa glareola Wood Sandpiper Tringa totanus Common Redshank (A) Rearrange the names in the subfamily Sterninae to the following sequence: Anous stolidus Brown Noddy Anous minutus Black Noddy Procelsterna cerulea Blue-gray Noddy (H) Gygis alba White Tern Onychoprion fuscatus Sooty Tern Onychoprion lunatus Gray-backed Tern (H) Onychoprion anaethetus Bridled Tern Onychoprion aleuticus Aleutian Tern Sternula albifrons Little Tern (H, A) Sternula antillarum Least Tern Sternula superciliaris Yellow-billed Tern (A) Phaetusa simplex Large-billed Tern (A) Gelochelidon nilotica Gull-billed Tern Hydroprogne caspia Caspian Tern Larosterna inca Inca Tern (A) Chlidonias niger Black Tern Chlidonias leucopterus White-winged Tern (A) Chlidonias hybrida Whiskered Tern (A) Sterna dougallii Roseate Tern Sterna hirundo Common Tern Sterna paradisaea Arctic Tern Sterna forsteri Forster's Tern Thalasseus maximus Royal Tern Thalasseus bergii Great Crested Tern (H, A) Thalasseus sandvicensis Sandwich Tern Thalasseus elegans Elegant Tern Remove the subfamily name Coccyzinae and rearrange the species in it to the following sequence: Coccycua minuta Little Cuckoo Piaya cayana Squirrel Cuckoo Coccyzus melacoryphus Dark-billed Cuckoo (A) Coccyzus americanus Yellow-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus euleri Pearly-breasted Cuckoo (A) Coccyzus minor Mangrove Cuckoo Coccyzus ferrugineus Cocos Cuckoo Coccyzus erythropthalmus Black-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus pluvialis Chestnut-bellied Cuckoo Coccyzus rufigularis Bay-breasted Cuckoo Coccyzus vetula Jamaican Lizard-Cuckoo Coccyzus vieilloti Puerto Rican Lizard-Cuckoo Coccyzus merlini Great Lizard-Cuckoo Coccyzus longirostris Hispaniolan Lizard- Cuckoo pp. 17–18. Calonectris edwardsii is recognized as a species distinct from C. diomedea and is added to the list of species known to occur in the geographic limits of this Check-list. No explicit reasons were given for merging C. edwardsii into C. diomedea by Murphy (1924) and Peters (1931), who have been followed by most later authors. Calonectris edwardsii is considerably smaller than C. diomedea, has a thinner bill that is basally gray or pinkish rather than yellow or ivory, and is darker and grayer brown on the upperparts; see Patteson and Armistead (2004) for a synopsis of the rationale for treating edwardsii as a separate species. p. 18. After the account for Calonectris diomedea, insert the following new account: Calonectris edwardsii (Oustalet). Cape Verde Shearwater. Puffinus Edwardsii Oustalet, 1883, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., Paris, ser. 6, art. 5, p. 1. (Branco, Cape Verde Islands.) Pelagic waters; nests in burrows on islands. Breeds in the Cape Verde Islands in the North Atlantic Ocean. Ranges at sea in the North Atlantic Ocean, mainly near the breeding grounds. Accidental off the coast of North Carolina (48 km southeast of Hatteras Inlet, 15 August 2004; photos; Patteson and Armistead 2004). Formerly considered conspecific with C. diomedea; see Patteson and Armistead (2004) for a synopsis of the rationale for treatment as separate species. p. 23. Because of new distributional information, a genus and species are added to the Check-list. After the account for Hydrobates pelagicus, insert the following new generic name and species account: Fregetta Bonaparte, 1855, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci., Paris, 41:1113. Type, by original designation, Thalassidroma leucogaster Gould = Procellaria grallaria Vieillot. Fregetta tropica (Gould). Black-bellied Storm- Petrel. Thalassidroma tropica Gould, 1844, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 13:366. (equatorial regions of Atlantic Ocean = lat. 6°33'N, long. 18°6'W, from “a” type preserved in the British Museum (Natural History). Pelagic waters; nests on islands. Breeds on islands in the subantarctic zone circumpolarly from South Shetland Islands (Deception, Elephant), South Orkney Islands (Signy, Larsen, and Laurie), South Georgia, Gough, Prince Edward Islands, Iles Crozet, Iles Kerguelen, Auckland Islands, and Antipodes Islands. May breed on South Sandwich Islands, Bouvet, Heard, and the Bounty islands. Ranges at sea north to subtropical and tropical waters north to Equatorial waters in Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian oceans (recorded north to nearly 18 degrees north). Accidental off North Carolina (77 km south- east of Oregon Inlet, 31 May 2004; photos; Guris et al. 2004). A previous report from St. Marks, Florida (AOU 1957), was relegated to the Appendix (AOU 1983, AOU 1998:687) under White-bellied Storm-Petrel (Fregetta grallaria). pp. 96–100. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequence data (Riesing et al. 2003) shows that the genus Asturina is embedded within the genus Buteo. Remove the entry for the genus Asturina from p. 96. The citation for Asturina should be placed in the synonymy of Buteo on p. 99, immediately following the citation for Buteo. Add to the Notes under the genus Buteo: Includes Asturina, formerly (AOU 1998) treated as distinct. Move the account for Asturina nitida from p. 97 and insert it on p. 100 following the account for Buteo platypterus, under the name “Buteo nitidus (Latham). Gray Hawk.” Add the following to Notes under Buteo nitidus: Riesing et al. (2003) suggested that the groups should be recognized as distinct species, but did not provide supporting data. Formerly (AOU 1998) treated in the genus Asturina, but Riesing et al. (2003) showed from mitochondrial DNA sequence data that recognition of the genus Asturina renders Buteo paraphyletic. p. 121. The two groups of Blue Grouse are recognized as species on the basis of evidence from mitochondrial DNA sequence data (Barrowclough et al. 2004) that supports the previous separation (AOU 1931, Hellmayr and Conover 1942) based on behavior, plumage, and vocalizations (e.g., Brooks 1929). Replace the heading for the Blue Grouse with: Dendragapus obscurus (Say). Dusky Grouse. The citation remains as it is. Habitat is as for the obscurus group. Distribution is as for obscurus group with the deletion of “from southeastern Alaska (except coastal areas),” and comma following Yukon. Change Notes to: Previously included D. fuliginosus and called Blue Grouse, but now separated on the basis of genetic evidence (Barrowclough et al. 2004) and differences in voice (hooting), behavior, and plumage (Brooks 1929). Barrowclough et al. (2004) also found a lesser genetic difference between northern and southern populations of D. obscurus that does not correspond to currently recognized subspecific boundaries. Following the account for D. obscurus, insert the following: Dendragapus fuliginosus (Ridgway). Sooty Grouse. Canace obscura var. fuligniosa [sic] Ridgeway [sic], 1873, Forest and Stream 1(19):289. (Cascade Mountains, at foot of Mount Hood, Oregon, and Chiloweyuck Depot, Washington = beneath Mount Hood, Hood River County, Oregon.) See Banks and Browning (1979) for citation and Deignan (1961) and Browning (1979) for type locality. Habitat and Distribution as for fuliginosus group in AOU (1998) account for D. obscurus. Formerly merged with D. obscurus as Blue Grouse, but separated on the basis of genetic evidence (Barrowclough et al. 2004) and differences in voice (hooting), behavior, and plumage (Brooks 1929). pp. 152 ff. Analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences in members of the shorebird tribe Tringini (Pereira and Baker 2005) has shown that the species in the genera Catoptrophorus and Heteroscelus are embedded within Tringa and should be merged into it, and that the genera Xenus and Actitis are basal in the tribe. The resultant phylogeny necessitates a rearrangement of the species accounts in our list, with some new combinations of generic and specific names (but no changes in English names), to the following sequence: Xenus cinereus (Güldenstädt) Actitis hypoleucos (Linnaeus) A. macularius (Linnaeus) Tringa ochropus Linnaeus T. solitaria Wilson T. brevipes (Vieillot) T. incana (Gmelin) T. erythropus (Pallas) T. melanoleuca (Gmelin) T. nebularia (Gunnerus) T. semipalmata (Gmelin) T. flavipes (Gmelin) T. stagnatilis (Bechstein) T. glareola Linnaeus T. totanus (Linnaeus) Following the heading “Tribe TRIGININI: Tringinine Sandpipers” insert the following: Tringa incana and T. brevipes were formerly placed in the genus Heteroscelus Baird, and T. semipalmata was formerly placed in the monotypic genus Catoptrophorus Gmelin (AOU 1998). Sequence here follows Pereira and Baker (2005). Remove the headings for the genera Catoptrophorus and Heteroscelus from p. 156, and move the citations for these names into the synonymy of the genus Tringa on pp. 152–153. p. 181. The subfamily Stercorariinae is elevated to family status as a result of analyses of DNA sequence data that show the family is sister to the Alcidae and not part of Laridae (Ericson et al. 2003, Paton et al. 2003, Fain and Houde 2004). Replace the subfamily heading with Family STERCORARIIDAE: Skuas and Jaegers. Remove the entire new family (pp. 181–183) from the Laridae and place it following the larid subfamily Rynchopinae and before the family Alcidae (p. 208). Following the heading “Family STERCORARIIDAE: Skuas and Jaegers” insert the following: Formerly considered a subfamily of the Laridae (AOU 1998), but analyses of sequence data indicate that it is more closely related to the Alcidae (Ericson et al. 2003, Paton et al. 2003, Fain and Houde 2004). pp. 196–207. Bridge et al. (2005) analyzed mitochondrial DNA of terns (except Procelsterna) and correlated the results with plumage characters. The data show that the genus Sterna as currently defined by AOU (1983, 1998) is paraphyletic, and that to keep it monophyletic would require the merger of Phaetusa, Larosterna, and Chlidonias into Sterna. Further, members of several distinct genetic clusters share crown patterns that correspond with formerly recognized genera. Because of the new phylogenetic data and because these genera were merged without comment or explanation, a generic revision is warranted. Rather than merge additional genera into Sterna, we follow the recommendation by Bridge et al. (2005) to resurrect four generic names currently placed in the synonymy of Sterna (p. 196) with the citations given—Thalasseus Boie, Sternula Boie, Hydroprogne and Gelochelidon C. One generic name is Onychoprion Type, by Sterna = Sterna This classification results in a new sequence of genera and species as Anous Anous stolidus (Linnaeus) Anous minutus Procelsterna Procelsterna cerulea Gygis Gygis alba Onychoprion Onychoprion fuscatus (Linnaeus) Onychoprion lunatus Onychoprion anaethetus Onychoprion aleuticus Sternula Sternula albifrons (Pallas) Sternula antillarum Sternula superciliaris (Vieillot) Phaetusa Phaetusa simplex (Gmelin) Gelochelidon C. Gelochelidon nilotica (Gmelin) Hydroprogne Hydroprogne caspia (Pallas) Larosterna Larosterna inca Chlidonias Chlidonias niger (Linnaeus) Chlidonias leucopterus Chlidonias hybrida (Pallas) Sterna Linnaeus Sterna dougallii Sterna hirundo Linnaeus Sterna paradisaea Sterna forsteri Thalasseus Thalasseus maximus Thalasseus bergii Thalasseus sandvicensis Thalasseus elegans the generic headings and citations for the genera Sternula, Gelochelidon, Hydroprogne, and insert the following: (AOU 1983, 1998) included in the genus Sterna but separated on the basis of genetic data that correspond to plumage patterns et al. p. The name Streptopelia risoria is to a form of S. roseogrisea 1983, and et al. follow these in the name of the species in place of the name based on This follows the in of the on (2003) that the of specific names based on species of that are by or with names based on In the citation for the generic name to the of the type species roseogrisea Replace the account of S. risoria with the following account: Streptopelia roseogrisea African art. p. with and near populations occur mainly in and in and and as feral populations of in Florida the and Puerto populations in North America have to become known as Ringed Turtle-Dove and The and populations have been known as S. risoria North American feral populations may be and not p. follow (2005) in Cuculus optatus and C. from C. saturatus on the basis of differences in vocalizations and minor from our area are of C. The account for Cuculus saturatus should be with the following: Cuculus optatus Oriental Cuculus optatus Gould 18. northern in and Breeds from and east of the Arctic to and and from northern and South to and the Islands. from the and to the the Islands, northern and and to the Aleutian Islands the Islands St. and to the Prince of Previously considered conspecific with C. saturatus and C. S. but separated on the basis of differences in vocalizations and Formerly known as C. and as pp. An of mitochondrial DNA and sequences and 2005) a phylogeny for the family in which the subfamily is with to the we merge the Coccyzinae into the the heading The by and (2005) showed that the species now (AOU 1998) in the genera and are embedded within Coccyzus, and that the genus Piaya is not monophyletic minuta is the a monophyletic group with two South American species to be recognized as the genus The resultant phylogeny necessitates a rearrangement of the species accounts in our list, with some new combinations of generic and specific names (but no changes in English names), to the following sequence: Coccycua minuta (Vieillot) Piaya cayana (Linnaeus) Coccyzus melacoryphus Coccyzus americanus (Linnaeus) Coccyzus euleri Coccyzus minor (Gmelin) Coccyzus ferrugineus Gould Coccyzus erythropthalmus Coccyzus pluvialis (Gmelin) Coccyzus rufigularis Coccyzus vetula (Linnaeus) Coccyzus vieilloti Coccyzus merlini Coccyzus longirostris Following the account for Cuculus optatus before the account for Coccycua minuta Piaya insert the generic Coccycua p. Type, by Cuculus = Coccyzus minutus Vieillot. Includes two extralimital species placed in Coccyzus (e.g., and formerly (AOU 1998) placed in Analysis of DNA sequence data showed this to be and Remove the generic headings and for and and place the names and citations in the synonymy of the genus Following the heading and citation for the genus Coccyzus, insert the following: Includes species formerly placed in the genera and and and now included in Coccyzus on the basis of DNA sequence data and p. genetic data et al. 2004) indicate that the is with to the because the genera and are basal to and the of the This to at and is with data (e.g., we merge the Family into the Remove the heading and Notes for the Family are no changes in sequence or names at this p. A new distributional a species to the list of known to occur in the United States. In the account for similis, to the Accidental in County, January 2004; in North American Birds 2004). pp. An of mitochondrial DNA sequence data et al. 2005) showed that Thryomanes sissonii is embedded in the Troglodytes and is a of the Troglodytes species Remove the species account from its position and move it to p. following the account for Troglodytes as Troglodytes sissonii Socorro The citation and Change the Notes to as in the genus Thryomanes by because of to Thryomanes in bill the specific name and placed the species in see Banks and Browning for on It is here placed in Troglodytes because of mitochondrial DNA sequence data et al. 2005) that it is part of the T. and treated the species in Troglodytes on the basis of behavior, and p. Ficedula albicilla is recognized as distinct from parva et al. 2005) on the basis of differences in plumage and and Replace the account for parva with the following: Ficedula albicilla Taiga p. near the and Breeds from east to the of and to the northern and from and to the in Alaska in the Aleutian Islands and St. Formerly considered conspecific with parva but recognized as distinct on the basis of differences in plumage and mitochondrial DNA sequence data et al. known as A new distributional a species to the list of known to occur in the United States. In the account for Catharus to the Accidental in County, 28 2004; in and p. The Barbados of Loxigilla from populations on islands in the Lesser by in several and and and is recognized as a species. Insert the following account that of Loxigilla barbadensis Barbados Loxigilla barbadensis Forest on Barbados in the Lesser Formerly considered a of but treated here as a separate species because of differences in plumage (e.g., and by and 2004) with specific p. ff. In the list of names of North American the following Insert in the place in Calonectris edwardsii Fregetta tropica Dendragapus fuliginosus Streptopelia roseogrisea Cuculus optatus Troglodytes sissonii Socorro Ficedula albicilla Loxigilla barbadensis the for the following: Streptopelia risoria Cuculus saturatus Thryomanes sissonii Ficedula parva Move the species from to a position following Rynchops niger. with the first 15 scientific names in the family Scolopacidae to the following with no in names: Xenus cinereus Actitis hypoleucos Actitis macularius Tringa ochropus Tringa solitaria Tringa brevipes Tringa incana Tringa erythropus Tringa melanoleuca Tringa nebularia Tringa semipalmata Tringa flavipes Tringa stagnatilis Tringa glareola Tringa totanus with the scientific names from Sterna nilotica Gygis alba to the following with no in names: Gygis alba Onychoprion fuscatus Onychoprion lunatus Onychoprion anaethetus Onychoprion aleuticus Sternula albifrons Sternula antillarum Sternula superciliaris Phaetusa simplex Gelochelidon nilotica Hydroprogne caspia Larosterna inca Chlidonias niger Chlidonias leucopterus Chlidonias hybrida Sterna dougallii Sterna hirundo Sterna paradisaea Sterna forsteri Thalasseus maximus Thalasseus bergii Thalasseus sandvicensis Thalasseus elegans with the scientific names from Coccyzus erythropthalmus Piaya minuta to the following with no in names: Coccycua minuta Piaya cayana Coccyzus melacoryphus Coccyzus americanus Coccyzus euleri Coccyzus minor Coccyzus ferrugineus Coccyzus erythropthalmus Coccyzus pluvialis Coccyzus rufigularis Coccyzus vetula Coccyzus vieilloti Coccyzus merlini Coccyzus longirostris The considered several but did not changes because of or were to of the as a species et al. to the Gray Hawk Buteo nitidus into two species (Riesing et al. to the genus for the Hawk Buteo (Riesing et al. to move to the genus et al. and to Loxigilla to specific and on these that additional data. are several distributional that would species to the list as the Committee's for to scientific and as the for also C. T. D. D. A. and for and

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