Regulating Nutrigenetic Tests: An International Comparative Analysis
Pourquoi ce travail est dans la base
Une base qui oublie comment elle a trouvé un travail ne peut pas être vérifiée. Voici les voies qui ont admis celui-ci.
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Introduction In September 2007, the decoded genome of J. Craig Venter, a pioneering genetics researcher, was released to the world. (1) This achievement attracted worldwide media attention, with stories making the inevitable leap from the publication of one man's genome to the promise of personalized medicine for many. Globe and Mail, a Canadian national newspaper, proclaimed: Scientists have for the first time decoded the complete DNA sequences of a single human being, a mammoth feat that ... marks a historic step toward the era when medical care can be tailored to an individual's genes. (2) Remarkable advances in modern genetic research are revealing the genetic foundations of human traits, including genes that promote or protect against development of complex, common diseases. (3) As knowledge of genomics expands, patients/consumers, health care practitioners, firms that develop and sell genetic testing services and related products, and government policy-makers and regulators, all develop increasing interest in a field that may offer means to improve individual and public health. field of nutritional genomics is an area where early results from the human genome project [are being translated] into publicly accessible applications. (4) Some nutrigenetic tests are currently available for consumers to purchase directly from a company or to obtain through a health care provider. Genetic test kits for home use--where a consumer collects a genetic sample at home and then mails it to a laboratory for analysis--raise several concerns: the consumer may not fully understand the test and the benefits and risks of learning the results; the consumer may conduct the test incorrectly and submit a sample and information that are inaccurate; and the consumer may not receive adequate interpretation and follow-up regarding the results and any recommended future action. (5) Consequently, the hazards associated with genetic testing include potential physical, medical, psychological, and social and economic risks to individuals being tested and to members of their families. (6) Benefits, in contrast, include the ability to take steps to mitigate known disease risks, tailor treatment options or gain peace of mind. Concerns associated with genetic tests, particularly when marketed directly to consumers, have attracted much attention by governmental bodies, (7) watchdog agencies, (8) and academic commentators. (9) Regulation of genetic tests--and, for that matter, all medical devices--depends on the intended use and risks. Factors relevant to assessing risks involved in genetic testing include whether: the test is diagnostic or predictive; the disease is rare or common; the genetic mutation is of high or low penetrance; interventions are available for individuals who have a genetic predisposition; and affected individuals or groups will be exposed to stigmatization or discrimination. (10) mode of delivery of the test is also relevant: tests marketed for home use are typically viewed as posing greater risks than tests available only through a health care intermediary. To date, most concerns expressed about nutrigenetic tests do not focus on medical, psychological and social risks, but rest on the view that nutrigenomic science is still too premature to offer clinically useful information and advice to consumers. Trujillo and colleagues note: Although unprecedented opportunities exist for the expanded use of foods and bioactive food components to achieve genetic potential, increase productivity, and decrease risk of disease, the science to make such decisions has not reached a level of confidence to achieve personalized nutrition recommendations. (11) Arab contends: The information needed to individualize recommendations is largely unavailable for most nutrients. (12) immediate risk in nutrigenetic testing, then, is primarily economic: consumers who purchase nutrigenetic tests are wasting their money. …
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle