A Narrative of Psychiatry and Mental Illness in Newfoundland: The History of the Waterford Hospital
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The Waterford Hospital for Mental and Nervous Diseases first opened in 1854 as the only centre of psychiatric services in Newfoundland.The treatment and care of those living with mental illness has dramatically changed since the hospital was opened more than 150 years ago.It is important to place the Waterford Hospital in the context of the history of mental health treatment philosophy and in the community in which it was located.The Newfoundland and Labrador Mental Health Care and Treatment Act, enacted in 2007, brings issues regarding involuntary hospitalization, the right to accept or refuse treatment, confidentiality and other legal issues into the public discourse.In order to evaluate the impact of such an act, it is important to examine the way in which mental illness was and is experienced, perceived and treated in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, particularly through the narrative of the Waterford Hospital.In 1972, the hospital was renamed the Waterford Hospital, and with this name change came the move towards outpatient care and community mental health treatment clinics.What was once an institution with over one thousand patients in residence became an acute care facility and operating base for many outpatient psychiatric services.This community focus brought about a shift in the way in which mental illness was understood in the province.There had been a return to the newly constructed mental health care facility's goal in 1854: to facilitate the patient participating and being accepted as a valuable member of society.It is crucial that the voices and rights of patients are acknowledged in the new Act.Reevaluating the history of mental health treatment in this province will help shape current and future health care legislation and services. What is in a name?For many years the hospital was known as the "Lunatic Asylum," then the Mental Hospital, then the Hospital for Mental and Nervous Diseases, and in more recent times, the Waterford Hospital (3).This in itself can be seen as indicative of changing views and attitudes, and how the hospital that would become the Waterford Hospital would help to shape the perception of mental illness in the province (1). Early "Treatment"The first civilian hospital was established in St. John's in 1813 to serve the growing population of permanent residents in the province.Mental illness evoked feelings of shame and hopelessness, and "treatment" often meant incarceration for life.Psychiatry
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