Iron and Manganese Removal Using Slow Sand Filtration - Canadian Experience
Pourquoi ce travail est dans la base
Une base qui oublie comment elle a trouvé un travail ne peut pas être vérifiée. Voici les voies qui ont admis celui-ci.
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
A variation of traditional slow sand filtration (TSSF) is being used to remove iron and manganese from well water in two communities in Western Canada. A third plant will be commissioned late 2011. The new filtration technology is marketed as the Manz Polishing Sand Filter TM or MPSF. It was selected over competing technologies on the basis of its effectiveness in removing iron and manganese, ability to treat water with sulphate reducing bacteria and H2S, capital cost, operating costs, maintenance costs, energy consumption, chemical requirements, waste production, ease of operation, and reliability. The selection process included on‐site piloting. The ability of TSSF to effectively remove iron and manganese was recognized in the late nineteenth century. However, the use of TSSF for this purpose was considered impractical because of the need for frequent cleaning involving removal of fouled media (sand), a process known as scraping, and periodic media replacement, a process known as resanding of the filter bed. The design of the MPSF retained and improved on key elements of TSSF, responsible for its ‘polishing’ capabilities; and, the disadvantages of the TSSF were eliminated, including the onerous cleaning process that was replaced with a simple effective backwash process. Media is never removed or lost from the filter. A biological layer is not required for successful operation, allowing loading rates three or more times that of TSSF and a shallower filter bed resulting in a more compact filter design. The communities which chose to use the MPSF technology are small to medium in size. Two of the treatment plants provide 1,200 m 3 (314,184 gallons) of treated water per day and the third plant is will provide 2,400 m 3 (628,368 gallons) of treated water per day when commissioned. The well water treated in each of the communities was not considered under direct influence of surface water or GWUDI. One of the 1,200 m 3 plants treats water that has an elevated concentration of manganese with evidence of the presence of sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) and H2S. This plant has been operating successfully for several years. The second 1,200 m 3 per day plant treats water with elevated concentrations of iron and manganese, SRB contamination and the associated presence of H2S. This plant has just been commissioned. The 2,400 m 3 per day treatment plant will treat water with significant concentrations of iron and manganese that appear to be naturally sequestered. Sodium hypochlorite is used to oxidize the iron and manganese and provide the necessary chlorine residual in
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,008 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle