Comparative Analysis of Frontal Car Bumper During Impact
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
An automobile's bumper is the front-most or rear-most part, designed to allow the car to sustain an impact without damage to the vehicle's safety systems. They are not capable of reducing injury to vehicle occupants in high-speed impact. In this paper, review of the most important variables like material, structures, shapes and impact conditions are studied for analysis of the bumper beam in order to improve the crashworthiness during collision. More emphasis is given on selection of bumper material. An automobile's bumper is the front-most or rear-most part, designed to allow the car to sustain an impact without damage to the vehicle's safety systems. They are not capable of reducing injury to vehicle occupants in high-speed impacts, but are increasingly being designed to mitigate injury to pedestrians struck In this study, the most important variables like material, structures, shapes and impact conditions are studied for analysis of the bumper materials of two types in order to improve the crashworthiness during collision. The simulation of a bumper will be characterized by impact modeling using Pro/Engineer, impact analysis is done by using impact loading machine according to the speed that is (48 km /h-) given in order to analyze the results. This speed is according to regulations of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards, FMVSS 208- Occupant Crash Protection whereby the purpose and scope of this standard specifies requirements to afford impact protection for passengers. In this project work, analysis is done for various speeds according to regulations and also by changing the speeds. Results will be plotted to select best material out of those proposed for testing. i.e PEI and ABS Plastic. A good design of car bumper must provide safety for passengers and should have low weight. Different countries have different performance standards for bumpers. Under the International safety regulations originally developed as European standards and now adopted by most countries outside North America, a car's safety systems must still function normally after a straight-on pendulum or moving-barrier impact of 4 km/h (2.5 mph) to the front and the rear, and to the front and rear corners of 2.5 km/h (1.6 mph) at 45.5 cm (18 in) above the ground with the vehicle loaded or unloaded. In North America (FMSS: Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards) and Canada (CMVSS: Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety Standards), it should meet 4KMPH pendulum and barrier impacts. Automotive development cycles are getting shorter by the day. With increasing competition in the marketplace, the manufacturers and suppliers main challenge is to come up with time-efficient design solutions. Researchers are trying to improve many of existing designs using novel approaches. Many times there is conflicting performance and cost requirements, this puts additional challenge with R&D units to come up with a number of alternative design solutions in less time and cost compared to existing designs. These best solutions are best achieved in a CAE environment using some of the modern CAD and FEM tools. Such tools are capable of effecting quick changes in the design within virtual environment. Bumpers are fixed on the front and on the back side of a car and serve as its protection. They reduce the effects of collision with other cars and objects due to their large deformation zones. The bumpers are designed and shaped in order to deform itself and absorb the force (kinetic energy) during a collision. The whole frontal bumper system consists the following parts (also seen in Figure. 1). • the cover, • the mechanical and deformation energy absorber, • bumper reinforcement.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,005 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».