Chinese Social Pension Insurance System: Improvement and Development/SYSTÈME DE LA PENSION SOCIALE EN CHINE: DÉVELOPPEMENT ET RÉFORME

Abstract: summarize the experience of foreign social old-age insurance policy, analyze the conflict and problem of Chinese current old-age policy, and improve Chinese social old-age insurance system. Key words: social pension insurance; economic transition; population aging Resume: par le bilan des experiences des reformes du systeme de la pension, nous analysons les contradictions et les problemes dans le systeme actuel de la pension en Chine, dans le but de reformer et d'ameliorer le systeme de la pension en Chine. Mots-Cles: Pension sociale : transformation economique; vieillissement 1. IMPROVEMENT OF FOREIGN SOCIAL PENSION INSURANCE SYSTEM Welfare social pension insurance system adopted by western countries is based on the long-termed rapid growth and powerful economy. Government has built a comprehensive social system including pension, unemployment benefit, medical insurance, family benefit, housing subsidy and so on. With the coming of capitalist inflation in 1970s, population ageing problem becomes more severe. Excessive social unfairness and welfare largely spending has brought about a serious ageing problem and then forces foreign countries to focus on improving social pension insurance system. From 1980s, social pension insurance improvement has become an international trend. The improvement mainly focused on two aspects. One is about justice and effectiveness through improving social pension insurance system, which is always the key to western countries' improvement action. Western countries begin to focus on the inactive relationship between the effectiveness of social pension insurance system and economy, and to consider the relationship between social pension insurance and macro economic operation, market and government in the process of improving social pension insurance system from the perspective of macro economic stability and economic growth. The other one is that due to the decline of birth rate and the severity of ageing, retiring age is adjusted, and pension is closely connected with working time and the salary before retirement. In the policy of pension, it is encouraged to postpone retiring time, stimulate employees' working passion so as to slower pension sending and to solve financial deficit. 2. ANALYSIS ON CHINESE SOCIAL PENSION INSURANCE SYSTEM The announcement of Chinese Employment Insurance Terms by State Department in 1951 marked the building of Chinese social pension insurance system. It is based on planning economy and its target is the low-incoming group in state-owned enterprise. The implement of this system has played an important role in economic rapid development, resource fast accumulation, employees' basic life ensure and social stability. However, if this system strives for social fairness to the extent, it will also bring about many problems such as a lack of incentive scheme. Since 1980s, government has adopted a series of improvement in pension insurance system and medical insurance system in order to make the two social insurance projects in accordance to Chinese national situation, the core of which is social insurance fund system combined personal account and social coordination. Now the improvement has shown some positive effects. But there are still many problems in the social insurance system and are now on the verge of emerging. The problems in social pension system are Social pension channel is not fluent ; The increasing of social insurance demand far exceeds the number of pension provider; Employee workload multiplier keeps increasing; Basic pension situation is getting severe; It is very difficult to expand the coverage; The policy to combat population long-termed ageing crisis could not be implemented; Certificate check and pension payment are not in accordance thus will make it hard to manage. The problems of medical insurance system are mainly: over concentration on form and the pilot policy is too rigid; the rate of collecting fund is too high that it makes financial and enterprise difficulties more difficult; medical system improvement is inadequate; distribution method is messy and makes social common welfare very hard; commercial insurance development is too slow so that it could not help to solve the welfare stretch. …

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