A Trial to End All Terrorism: How America Could Have Won the War on Terrorism Before it Even Began, with the Trial of Only One Man
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
If you know the enemy and know yourself, you need not fear the result of a hundred battles. If you know yourself but not the enemy, for every victory gained you will also suffer a defeat. If you know neither the enemy nor yourself, you will succumb in every battle. - Sun Tzu (The Art of War, Chapter 3: Attack by Stratagem) Operation Enduring Freedom, America’s military mission in Afghanistan, was launched on October 7, 2001. This was less than a month after the entirely unexpected events of September 11, 2001, leaving very little time for scrutiny, analysis, or discussion over the merits of any potential options, and the legal basis for the war. Canada had even less time to assess its participation. Canadians have since been given reason in the subsequent invasion of Iraq to doubt the credibility of claims made by the Bush government. But this skepticism has not been applied retroactively to the first response to September 11, 2001 to view the Afghan mission with a critical eye. Although Canada's current role in Afghanistan is sanctioned under the United Nations Security Council through the International Security Assistance Force in December 2001, Canadian military involvement in Afghanistan precedes this date. This paper will consider the legal basis used by the U.S. for invading Afghanistan, and the legal obligations it creates for Canada as a NATO member. An overview of the legal requirements of necessity and proportionality will be provided, as well as examples of numerous opportunities for non-military solutions, especially as it relates to extradition. Background information distinguishing the Taliban and Al-Qai'da, as well as the legal systems and Pashtunwali cultural code that govern Afghanistan, will also help identify the legal obligations the Taliban may have had towards the United States and the global community as it related to terrorism. The conclusion will examine what the consequences may have been if alternative courses of action had been adopted. In light of Senator Kenny’s revelations that Canada cannot achieve its goals in Afghanistan, that the mission will cost over $18.14 billion ($1,500 per household), and with recent allegations in the House of complicity in torture, these legal questions form an important backdrop to the ongoing dialogue in Canada about the Afghan mission.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,004 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,003 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».