42 DIFFUSION OF THE CRYOPROTECTANTS ETHYLENE GLYCOL AND GLYCEROL INTO DAY 9 TO 11 EQUINE EMBRYOS: PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The impermeability of the capsule to cryoprotectants (CPA) has been blamed for poor cryosurvival of equine embryos. We hypothesised that ethylene glycol, with its lower molecular weight and higher permeability, would be preferred over glycerol for equine embryos. The purpose of this study was to determine concentrations of glycerol and ethylene glycol within equine blastocoele fluid of Day 9 to 11 equine embryos following 30 min of exposure to a 1.5 M solution. Fourteen grade 1 embryos were recovered from May through September, using standard transcervical lavage techniques. Day of ovulation (Day 0) was determined as first appearance of the corpus luteum by daily transrectal ultrasonography, following insemination and administration of an ovulatory induction agent (Chorulon, 2500 IU; Intervet, Canada). Embryos were graded, measured, and washed in holding media (emP3TM Partnar Animal Health, Ontario, Canada), blocked by age, and randomly assigned to either 1.5 M ethylene glycol in holding solution (EG; n = 7) or 1.5 M glycerol in holding solution (Gly; n = 7) each containing 1% dimethyl sulfone as the internal standard, for 30 min at room temperature. Following CPA exposure, embryos were moved to a sterile, dry dish, all fluid was removed with a micropipette, and the dish dried with fine tissue. The embryonic capsule was punctured, and aspirated blastocoele fluid was analysed for CPA concentration by gas chromatography using a CP-3800 gas chromatograph (Varian Canada Inc., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada). The CPA concentration was determined by comparing the internal standard count to the accumulated CPA in millimoles per liter by gas chromatograph. A two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for equality of distribution was used because data were not normally distributed. Post-hoc 2-way t-test with unequal variances was used to compare mean effective CPA concentration across treatments, with significance set at P = 0.05. Collected embryos ranged from 1470 µm to 9240 µm in diameter, but there was no difference in embryo size between groups (P = 0.59). Mean concentrations of EG from blastocoele fluid were significantly higher than Gly (71.58 ± 18.9 mmol L–1v. 50.71 ± 11.2 mmol L–1, respectively; P = 0.016). This represents 4.8 and 3.4% of available CPA, respectively. Mean EG concentrations by embryo age were not different (Day 9: 68.3 ± 23.1 mmol L–1; Day 10: 83.0 ± 15.4 mmol L–1; Day 11: 71.0 ± 21.9 mmol L–1; P = 0.75). Mean Gly concentrations by embryo age were not different (Day 9: 47.0 ± 12.7 mmol L–1; Day 10: 46.0 ± 7.1 mmol L–1; Day 11: 56.3 ± 13.6 mmol L–1; P = 0.35). The low concentrations of EG and Gly found in this preliminary study are in agreement with indirect evidence from other studies. Ethylene glycol reached higher concentrations inside the embryo than glycerol because of lower molecular weight and higher permeability. However, permeation appeared to be minimal for both agents despite exposure to solutions of high CPA molarity.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».