A Comparative Study of Ground Fault Analysis for a Practical Case of a Transmission Line Equipped with Different Series FACTS Devices

AbstractDue to the rising power demand and increasing population worldwide, electrical power networks have been extensively growing and striving to satisfy the escalating loads. This necessitates the need for using Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices which have become indispensable during normal and abnormal operating conditions. This paper investigates the impact of using series FACTS devices, namely Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC), GTO Controlled Series Capacitor (GCSC) and Thyristor Controlled Series Reactor (TCSR), on the impedance and power flow of a practical 400 kV transmission line in the Algerian power network. It also investigates the effect of varying the fault resistance on short-circuit calculations in the case of a phase to ground fault that occurs at the end of the compensated line. Analytical formulas of the employed FACTS devices, the system model under fault and short-circuit calculations are deduced and presented in the paper. Simulations results obtained using MATLAB are demonstrated for the compensated line and without compensation. These simulations are compared to show the effect of using these devices for the studied cases.It is concluded that GCSC provides better performance in the active and reactive power flow of the line under normal operating conditions and in reducing the fault current during abnormal operating conditions when the fault resistance increases. On the other hand, TCSR shows a better performance in maintaining higher voltages under fault with the increase of fault resistance.Zbog rastuće potražnje za električnom energijom i porasta svjetske populacije elektroenergetske mreže ubrzano rastu i podnose sve veće terete. Takav razvoj situacije doveo je do korištenja fleksibilnih AC transmisijskih sustava (FACTS) koji su postali nezamjenjivi tijekom normalnih i narušenih uvjeta na mreži. U ovom se radu istražuje utjecaj korištenja FACTS uređaja, tiristorski upravljani serijski kondenzatori, GTO upravljani serijski kondenzatori i tiristorski upravljana serijska reaktancija, na impedanciju i tok snage kod 400 kV transmisijske lijene u alžirskom elektroenergetskom sustavu. Istražuje se i utjecaj promjene otpora greške pri izračunu kratkog spoja u slučaju spoja faze na zemlju koje se događa na krajevima linije. Analitičke formule korištenog FACTS uređaja, model sustava s greškom i izračun kratkog spoja su izvedeni i prikazani u radu. Simulacijski rezultati dobiveni korištenjem MATLB-a prikazani su za linije sa i bez kompenzacije. Simulacije su uspoređene kako bi se prikazao učinak korištenja različitih uređaja. Zaključeno je da GTO upravljani serijski kondenzatori ima bolja svojstva kod toka radne i jalove snage kroz liniju tijekom normalnog rada i kod smanjenja struje greške tijekom narušenih uvjeta kada otpor greške raste. S druge strane, tiristorski upravljani serijski kondenzatori bolji su kod održavanja visokog napona tijekom greške uz povećanje otpora greške.Key words: Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC)GTO Controlled Series Capacitor (GCSC)Thyristor Controlled Series Reactor (TCSR)Algerian power networkPhase to ground faultFault resistanceShort-circuit calculationsKljučne riječi: tiristorski upravljani serijski kondenzatoriGTO upravljani serijski kondenzatoritiristorski upravljana serijska reaktancijaalžirski elektroenergetski sustavgreška spoja faze i zemljeotpor greškeizračun kratkog spoja Additional informationNotes on contributorsMohamed ZellaguiMohamed Zellagui was born in Constantine, Algeria, 1984. He received his engineering degree (Honors with first class) and M.Sc. degree in Electrical Engineering (Power Systems) from the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Constantine, Algeria in 2007 and 2010, respectively. He received Doctor Degree in Power Systems from the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Batna, Algeria in 2014. He is a member of LSP-IE research laboratory at Batna University, Algeria. In 2012, Dr. Zellagui obtained the national award for the best PhD student in science and technology. He has membership at International Association of Engineers (IAENG), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Power and Energy Society (PES), Smart Grid Community (SGC) and The Institute of Engineering and Technology (IET). He is a Senior Member of the Universal Association of Computer and Electronics Engineers (UACEE), International Scientific Academy of Engineering & Technology (ISAET) and International Association of Computer Science and Information Technology (IACSIT). He is on the Editorial Board Member of the Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (JEEE), International Journal of Electronic and Electrical Engineering (IJEEE) and Canadian Journal on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (JEEE). He serves as a reviewer for the International Journal of Engineering (IJE), Electric Power Components and Systems (EPCS), Journal of Energy and Power (JEP), and Advances in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (AEEE). His research interests include power systems protection, power electronics; short-circuit calculations, distance relays, overcurrent relays, renewable energy and FACTS devices.Heba A. HassanHeba Ahmed Hassan was born in Cairo, Egypt, 1972. She received her B.Sc. and M.Sc. with Distinction First Honors degree from Electrical Power and Machines Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt, in 1995 and 1999, respectively. She obtained her Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Ulster, UK, in 2004 when she was selected to present her Ph.D. work at the House of Commons, Parliament House, Westminster, London, UK. She joined Dhofar University, Salalah, Sultanate of Oman in 2008 where she was promoted to several senior leadership positions. She was the Acting Dean and Assistant Dean of College of Engineering, Dhofar University. Currently, she is an academic member of the Quality Assurance Unit of Dhofar University. She is also the university representative at Oman Academic Accreditation Authority (OAAA). She has been appointed to OAAA's Register of External Reviewers in June 2014. Dr. Hassan is a full-time faculty (2005-present) in Electrical Power and Machines Department, Cairo University, currently on leave. She was an Academic Visitor at the Imperial College, London, UK (1998), a Teaching and Research Assistant at the University of Ulster, UK (2001–2005), and a part-time faculty at many respectable private engineering universities in Egypt (2005–2008). During that period, she worked as a quality auditor for the Quality Assurance and Accreditation Project (QAAP) and a consultant for several Egyptian MoHE development projects which were all financed by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD). She co-supervised two M.Sc. students, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University (2005–2012). Dr. Hassan was selected by reputable universities in India as an External Ph.D. Examiner and as a Keynote Speaker in several international conferences. She was appointed by the Omani MoHE as a Reviewer of newly submitted academic programs. Dr. Hassan is a Senior IEEE member (SMIEEE), an IET Member (MIET), an Associate Fellow of the Higher Education Academy-UK (AFHEA), and a Certified Associate Academic Trainer by the International Board of Certified Trainers (IBCT) who conducted many training programs for academic staff on effective teaching and assessment. She is the Chief Editor of two international referred journals in the field. She is also serving as an Associate Editor, an Editorial Board Member, and a Reviewer for many international journals and conferences in power engineering. She has always been a member of IEEE societies such as Power and Energy Society (PES) and Women in Engineering (WIE). Her research interests include electrical power systems stability and control, FACTS modeling, optimal and robust adaptive control and quality of higher education related studies.Abdelaziz ChaghiAbdelaziz Chaghi was born in Batna, Algeria, 1954. He received his engineering degree from the University of Oran, Algeria, in 1980, and M.Sc. from Manchester University, UK, in 1984, and received his PhD from Batna University, Algeria, in 2004. He is currently a Professor at the department of electrical engineering. He is also responsible for the research team of “power quality in distribution power systems” at LSP-IE research laboratory at University of Batna. His research interests include power systems protection, renewable energy, harmonic and power quality, renewable energy, power flow, voltage stability and FACTS devices.Amir GhorbaniAmir Ghorbani was born in Salmas, Iran, in 1986. Received the B.S., M.Sc. and PhD degree in electric power engineering from Azarbaijan University of Tarbiat Moallem (Tabriz, Iran), Power & Water University of Technology (Tehran, Iran) and Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University (Tehran, Iran) in 2005, 2008 and 2014 respectively. Currently, he is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Electrical Engineering, Abhar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abhar, Iran. His research interests include Flexible AC transmission Systems (FACTS) and power system protection

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