천주교회의 대한민국 정부 수립에 대한 인식과 기여

After the long desired liberation in 1945, Catholic leaders in Korea realized in the light of papal documents that they had to oppose communism and not to collaborate with the Communists. So they aroused anti-communism wide-rangingly, hearing that Catholics in North Korea and Yenchi had been suffering severe persecution. Therefore they strongly desired a liberal democratic government to be established in Korea. Korean Catholic leaders newly illuminated the Catholic Action when the United States Military Government in Korea(USAMGIK) began to administrate. In accord with Pope Pius ?'s emphasis on??the era of act”, they affirmatively kept company and collaboration with political leaders and participated in the political party activities. So some Catholics kept in close link with the USAMGIK and welcomed the rightist groups such as Lee Seung Man. They also joined the Korea Democratic Party. In the Press & Publications Department of the Church Kyeong Hyang Magazine, The Catholic Times were reissued and Kyeong Hyang Sinmun was launched. The Church in Korea played active role in the anti-trusteeship movement arisen from late December, 1945. When the collaboration movement between moderate rightists and leftists with the assistance of the USAMGIK began, Church media also supported that. Finally the Korean problem was moved to the United Nations(U.N.) and the U.N. approved a resolution calling for general elections in Korea. The Church in Korea was in support of the resolution and took the leading role in building a democratic nation. And it also launched countermeasure committee on national affairs and made action guide for the first general elections on May 10, 1948. It was because the Church recognized the general elections as a national goal to establish an independent democratic nation. Out of the men elected to the National Assembly at that time Chang Myun was the only Catholic. After the first Korean government was inaugurated in August 1948, the government made every diplomatic effort to get international recognition as the only legitimate government on the Korean Peninsula. Before that, the Church and national political leaders in Korea had recognized the arrival of Msgr. Byrne, the Apostolic Delegate, as an approval of the independence of Korea by the Holy See. Also Msgr. Byrne actively fulfilled his obligations as the Apostolic Delegate to Korea. He sent letters in person to the Apostolic Delegate to Canada and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Canada who probably would not be in favor at the U.N. General Assembly. In those letters he called upon them to support the Korean government. Fr. Pierre Singer in France gladly accommodated Chang Myun in various ways, and thus Chang Myun played a conspicuous role in getting an approval for the korean government at the U.N.. After the approval, Church leaders gave great thanks to the Lord and prayed that the Blessed Mother might help to unify the divided nation and let communists repentant. Like this, Catholic Church leaders, especially Bishop Paul Ro Ki-nam and Chang Myun, actively participated in the process of the establishment of the Korean government. The efforts of the Church for democratization in Korea were also continued under military dictatorship from 1970s to 1980s. So many Church leaders such as Stephen Cardinal Kim Sou-hwan devoted themselves to building democratic society in Korea at that time. It seems to be necessary in future to reconsider the role of the Church in Korea in today's development of liberal democracy.

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