Bail-In Instead of Bail-Out for the Resolve of Financial Institutions. Does the New Model Violate the Right of Property?
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Financial crisis has raised many major legal issues. It is well known that financial institutions play a major role in economy. The economy nature requires financial institutions to undertake major risks to be profitable. If the financial institutions failed, an issue which would be arise is what method is the most efficient to resolve them.The two methods are bail-in and bail-out. The bail-out is the method that requires from taxpayers to pay the losses of the resolved bank, whereas in bail-in method the bank use its own means such as the deposits to be resolved. If the regulator (Government) decides that the most efficient method to resolve the bank and avoid systemic risk is the bail-in, then the legal issue arise is the right of property of deposit-holders.The policy of states worldwide, in case financial institutions fail, was that Governments grant financial aid to financial institutions by increase the taxes on citizens and person being bound to pay taxes.Financial crisis blew-out in 2008 in US and was transferred to the whole European market. Although Cyprus was considered strong economy it could not be the exemption. The mismanagement of risks in two major financial institutions and the Governmental deficit has almost leaded Cyprus to go on bankruptcy. The save of Cyprus economy was urgent for Eurozone, so the Minister of Finance after the President of Cyprus entered into an agreement with Troika, issued a decree which provides a haircut on deposits, in two above mentioned banks, which exceeded €100,000.00. The measure was unprecedented although it was known among economists and International Finance Organizations. The measure has never been applied to resolve failed banks.After the execution of the aforementioned measure, many deposits-holders filed recourses against the Minister of Finance decree alleging in pleading that the haircut violates obviously their right of property.This research paper analyzes the two methods for the resolve of failed banks and the legal relation between bank and depositor as well. Moreover the author of the current research paper gives his opinion if the method of bail-in violates the right of property taking into account many factors which will be explained further.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».