The influence of academic institutions on regional clusters using the ICT cluster of Waterloo, Ontario as an example
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The paper aims to examine the role of academic institutions in the development of the ICT cluster of the Waterloo Region in Ontario, Canada. The regional economic impact of clusters as well as academic institutions relies heavily on its ability to innovate. The ICT sector with its analytical knowledge base depends on radical innovations which are developed through research and development with scientific input from academic institutions. However, the pure existence of technical universities does not automatically result in the development of an ICT cluster. In the region of Waterloo three academic institutions - the University of Waterloo, Wilfrid Laurier University and Conestoga College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning - shape and stimulate the regional ICT cluster, which now includes up to 700 stakeholders from global market leaders like Research in Motion and Google to SMEs. The paper demonstrates by drawing on 7 qualitative interviews with local ICT companies and supporting organisations that the ICT cluster would not exist without the academic institutions which act as engines of growth for the cluster. The paper shows that the cluster has benefited from the strong ties with the predominantly technically oriented University of Waterloo, which significantly supported the agglomeration of ICT related companies in the region and enhanced the reputation of the Waterloo region. Since the beginning of the evolution of the cluster the University of Waterloo has played a leading role through its openness to patent disclosure, support of spin-off collaborations and partnerships with ICT stakeholders. In recent years, Conestoga College has expanded and upgraded its academic programme especially in ICT related fields to meet the demand of the region and thus has become another success factor for the cluster. Together with the Wilfrid Laurier University, which is located right next to the University of Waterloo and excelling in the fields of social science and business, the three academic institutions are attracting ambitious human capital to the region through their strong reputations. They are educating students and have created a highly successful cooperative education programme, which incorporates mainly regional companies in the education of the students through demanding internships and embeds the university in the cluster. The paper shows that the universities and the college are influencing the cluster by an exchange of knowledge and developing human capital and act as incubators for new companies. Keywords: cluster, university, ICT, regional development JEL classification: O18, O30, R11
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,006 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,007 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,008 | 0,004 |
| Communication savante | 0,005 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,003 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,007 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».