Characteristics of Conference Tourism at Large Lakes in Europe and Suggestions for Development at Lake Balaton Region, Hungary
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
1. Introduction Water is the most important touristic resource, independent from the fact whether it is an ocean, a lake or a river. The attention of touristic experts has been turning to touristic utilization of smaller lakes. The fact that a number of international conferences have recently been held on the topic also asserts this statement (in Savonlinna, Finland, 2003, in Hang Chou, China, 2005, or in Gyongyos, Hungary, 2007). On the other hand, Living Lakes, a global network run by environment protectionists has also come to life, the operation of which is co-ordinated by Global Nature Fund, an international non-profit organization. This publication aims at offering a brief overview of the lakes that play a crucial role in European tourism. I am about to examine the working mechanism and participants of conference tourism at large European lake destinations and also the way their characteristics can be used at Lake Balaton in order to foster the development of the region. 2. Conference tourism being one of the fastest developing sectors of tourism In the second part of the twentieth century, a rapidly developing touristic field came to life as a result of the more and more important international role of economy and politics as well as the developing technology: conference tourism. Besides classic advertising, conferences have become the most important means of economic communication, therefore, the importance of their success keeps on getting greater. (Varga, J, 2004) Congress tourism includes all kind of programs (congress, conference, symposium, round-table talks, exhibition, fair or workshops) where participants discuss matters under well-organized conditions or gain economic or academic experience. (Michalko, G, 1998) A harsh expansion of business tourism has been noticeable during the last 25 years. This is not only true for foreign but also for domestic tourism. Because of this, touristic experts agree in the importance of taking the matter under further examination (Davidson, R, 2008 ; Bradley et al., 2002). According to touristic experts, the most important elements of business tourism are meetings, conferences and organizing exhibitions (Law, C. M. , 1993; Oppermann, M, and Chon, K.-S., 1997). Conference tourism is one of the fastest developing and most profitable fields of tourism. Because of it, a more and more significant number of destinations consider the developing of conference tourism as a highly important field when they elaborate their tourism policy. It also contributes to rising wages and employment data, improvement of the international balance of payments as well as generates investments in touristic infrastructure or assists in spreading new technologies and theories. (Dwyer, L. and Mistils, N., 1997). 3. European lake destinations Everyday language defines lakes as larger stagnant waters on dry land. A definition which tends to be classical, was written in 1901 by F. A. Forel does not seem to tell much more about it. According to Forel, ... a lake is stagnant water which fills a pit of the surface, is surrounded from all directions and does not have a direct physical connection with seas. Lakes can evolve in consequence of endogen powers (crustal movements, volcanic processes), exogenous powers (e.g. ice covering, river erosion, karst formation), cosmic effects, or anthropogenic effects (Szabo, J., 1992). The number of lakes on planet Earth definitely reaches a number of one million. Their extent is, however, only 2,5 million square kilometres, which is merely 0,5 per cent of the surface of our planet. The areas with the highest number of lakes are not particularly suitable for a coastal holiday as these areas are in Canada, Finland or in Sweden. The other area which is rich in lakes can be found in semi-desert, semiarid areas where lakes are mostly temporary ones--they regularly change their place and form, are salty and are without an outlet (David, L. …
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».