The University of Toronto: A History, Second Edition (2013) by Martin L. Friedland
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
To write a single-volume history of a university is a daunting, difficult, and largely thankless task.The author has only so many pages to cover so much history.What gets put in; what gets left out?The interests and concerns of multiple and competing groups have to be juggled and massaged.Does the author write for historians, the public at large, or alumnae?The author needs to construct a narrative that is both readable and enjoyable but also analytical and critical.How far can one criticize the institution that likely sponsored the work?When writing The University of Toronto: A History, Martin Friedland faced many difficult choices.Some worked; many did not.Friedland chooses a chronological format for his text.The result is a story of the University of Toronto's progressive and triumphant expansion from a small liberal arts college into the billion dollar multiversity of today.For much of the narrative, the author recounts facts focusing on the growth of buildings, programs, and faculty.Three chapters are remarkable exceptions.Chapter 9 on the admission of women to the university, Chapter 15 on the student strike, and Chapter 36 on student activism are excellent works of history.These three chapters are contextualized, provide multiple perspectives, and explore in detail the how and why of events and decision-making.They are welcome diversions to the chronology and provide an alternative example of how Friedland could have structured his text.Other areas that have been arranged chronologically could have been better organized in a thematic manner.For example, the reception and controversy surrounding Darwinian thought is present in the text but is fragmentary, disjointed, and easily missed.Scattered through three different chapters, the force of Charles Darwin's impact on the university dissipates into obscurity.Friedland chooses to focus his text on the elite: administrators, faculty, politicians, and businessmen.The result is a top-down and administrative-political history where students are largely reduced to numbers and most of the professoriate and support staff remain faceless.This decision is out of step with the latest trends in the history of higher education.Over the last few decades, historians of higher education have tended to focus on student and professorial cultures and issues of class and gender.One example that represents the more recent scholarly work is James Pitsula's As One Who Serves: The Making of the University of Regina.Because Freidland focuses so much of his narrative on administrators, the reader is left wondering about questions fundamental to the university experience.What would it be like to be a student at the University of Toronto at the beginning of the 20 th century or before the Second World War?
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,003 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,004 | 0,008 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,005 | 0,003 |
| Communication savante | 0,007 | 0,003 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,057 | 0,017 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».