Log export restriction in British Columbia : an economic examination
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The restrictions imposed on the export of unmanufactured forest products from British Columbia are examined from an economic standpoint. The subject is divided into two major areas: the level of restriction (the price protection afforded the domestic processing industry as a result of the policy) and the method of restriction (the structure of the regulatory system used to control the flow of exports). In the first area, the issue underlying the restriction/non-restriction debate is clarified; the way the policy works to assist the domestic processing industry is described; and the economic consequences of assisting the processing sector through export restrictions are identified. Most significantly, the opportunity cost imposed on the log producing sector is identified as negating some of the benefits achieved through the induced growth of the processing sector. It is concluded that these often unrecognized consequences are of substantial importance and should be considered explicitly in any examination of the restrictions. In the second area, the administrative procedures and timber tax charges that form the basis of the export control system are described. The system is found to be based on the arbitrary and unilateral view that domestic processing is the best use of the province's timber. The procedure for determining export eligibility is identified as being cumbersome, time-consuming, risk-inducing and expensive; the timber tax is identified as being inefficient, inequitable and counterproductive. It is concluded that the method of export regulation should be restructured to include incentives for economic efficiency. The revisions to the export control system proposed by the Royal Commission on Forest Resources are considered as an alternative to the administrative restrictions. The advantages of a system of export control that is tied directly to the export market, along with the possible constitutional and international questions that introduction of the proposed controls would raise, are discussed. Estimates of the early-round effects of the proposed controls and suggested tax rate on log exports, Crown revenue, timber utilization and timber harvests are presented. It is concluded that the proposed system of export regulation offers a viable alternative to the existing controls but that certain modifications to the Commission's proposal would be appropriate prior to the recommendation's implementation. In addition, the evolution of the policy in British Columbia is described and areas for further research are identified.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,003 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,004 | 0,006 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,004 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,005 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,006 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».