Language revitalisation in a multilingual community: the case of Michif(s)
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
In this talk, we discuss how the forcing of a Western model of identity where one culture = one language has caused divisiveness within the traditionally multilingual and multicultural Métis community, and discuss ways in which to overcome this divisiveness when attempting collaborative language revitalization initiatives. The Métis are the descendants of French and First Nations intermarriage in Canada’s Northwest during the Fur Trade. In the early 19th century, the Métis flourished and began to think of themselves as a separate people (Sealey & Lussier 1975: 3), distinct from either French or First Nations. Métis people traditionally spoke a few of Cree, Ojibwe, Sioux, French, English, and a Plains Cree-French mixed language, called Michif today. In this talk, we show that the multilingualism and multiculturalism of the Métis people which allowed them to flourish in the early 19th century may hold back progress in revitalization and documentation today, due to an attempt to fit a traditionally multilingual people into a Western tradition of unilingualism. For revitalization efforts to succeed, it is often said that the language community must actively support the language and the revitalization efforts. Delineating this community is not normally an issue; the language shares the same name as the ethnicity/culture, or community members feel bound together by their language. However, the Michif/Métis situation is much more complicated. The multilingual nature of the culture results in the term Michif designating at least 3 languages: the Métis variety of French; the Métis variety of Cree, and the Plains Cree-French mixed language. Although the Métis share history, music and traditions, language has become a catalyst for community divisiveness rather than unity, which becomes a serious problem in collaborative revitalization efforts. For example, in order to access federal funding, the mixed-language Michif has been designated as the Métis Nation’s official language, resulting in the hierarchicization of this language over the others. Speakers of this language are now the prestige group, eligible for funding, while speakers of other Métis languages are left frustrated that their language has been demoted by their own people, unable to access the same funding. This is just one example discussed of the difficulties arising from the shift from a multilingual to a unilingual society. This paper shows how an inclusive model such as Junker’s East Cree language project may be used to not only renew pride in a language, but also pride in a multilingual society.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».