A psychological study of soccer players, ages nine, twelve and fifteen years
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The purposes of the study were to determine if a characteristic psychological profile exists for soccer players at the ages of nine, twelve and fifteen years; to determine if psychological profiles differed between elite and recreational soccer players; and to determine if these differences between the elite and recreational soccer players were constant across the same ages mentioned above. In attempting to identify a psychological profile for elite soccer players at the ages of nine, twelve, and fifteen years, it was hypothesized that: 1. (a) The elite athlete demonstrates levels of higher emotional stability, tough-mindedness, aggressiveness, dominance, persistence, self-confidence and a tendency toward extraversion, than the recreational soccer playing individuals. (b) The elite athlete shows a higher self-concept than the recreational soccer playing individuals. (c) The elite athlete shows a lower sport competitive trait anxiety level than the recreational soccer playing individual. (d) The elite athlete shows a more internal locus of control of reinforcement than the recreational soccer playing individuals. 2. The magnitude of the difference between the elite and recreational soccer playing individuals with respect to psychological variables, increases as age increases. The Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale, Martens' Sport Competitive Anxiety Test, the Nowicki-Strickland Children's Locus of Control Scale and either Cattell's Children's Personality Questionnaire (ages 8-12) or Cattell's High. School Personality Questionnaire (ages 12-16) were administered to 136 male soccer players that participated in the Vancouver and District Soccer League (elite) or the Vancouver Community League (recreational). The data of the six personality traits hypothesized to distinguish the elite athlete (emotional stability, toughmindedness, aggressiveness, dominance, persistence, self—confidence) were analyzed in separate multivariate and univariate analyses of variance from the data received from the three psycho-social components - locus of control, self-concept, and sport competitive anxiety. The results did not identify a specific psychological profile for elite male soccer players at the ages of nine, twelve, and fifteen. Therefore no statistical support was given to the premise that there is an identifiable relationship between personality and participation in the Vancouver and District Soccer League. The elite soccer players did express a higher sport competitive anxiety, along with a higher self-concept score in the two sub-scales, popularity and physical development. However, these results were not sufficient to support the premise that there was a psychological difference between the elite and recreational players. It was recommended that sport specific psychological questionnaires be developed and used for future endeavors in identifying psychological profiles of athletes. A second recommendation was that a longitudinal study be done on young athletes, so that the psychological development of the individual could be monitored more accurately.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».