A comparative study of the ownership control vs. management right issue between the Chinese enterprise laws and Canadian corporate laws
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
An examination of the different laws concerning the ownership control vs. management right issue in China’s legal regime as well as in Canada’s legal regime will provide the basis of further comparison and analysis. In light of statutes as well as relevant Canadian case law, some literal differences are shown. The analysis of legal implications of the literal differences of the laws involves four approaches. These are the relationships between the owners and the corporate management, the ownership composition, the government treatment of the government entities, and the commitments, interests and liabilities of the directors. In the SOECs, the government controls have been curbed and the autonomy of the enterprises has been advocated in recent years by legislation and dominant Party policy. The boundary of government control over the SOECs and the enterprise autonomy has not been defined clearly. In the CCCs government controls have been kept very firm by statute and case law. In the SOECs, the ownership right of the enterprise assets belongs to the state whereas the statutory right to possess, utilize and dispose of the enterprise entities belongs to the enterprise. The division of the ownership right and the property right to the same object - the enterprise assets - renders a certain inconsistency in managing the enterprise business. However, the ownership of the CCCs is exclusively in the hands of the government. The ownership of the Canadian private corporations lies exclusively in the corporation - the judicial person itself. The pure ownership composition may reduce the tension of the owners and management to a minimum level. A SOEC is treated by the government both as a government appendage, designed to carry out government policy, and a self-survivor. A CCC is treated by the government as a special instrument. The directors of the Canadian private corporations can enjoy substantial autonomy in managing corporations, although in many circumstances they are subject to the courts’ involvement. The Chinese Enterprise Laws require the directors to fulfill their mandates - the commands of the government - although at the same time they are expected to make the enterprises as profitable as possible. The directors of the CCCs have an interest in fulfilling their commitments to the government, which are to serve the mandates of the CCCs. The interests and commitments of the directors in Canadian private corporations lie in making competitive capital return for the corporations and the shareholders The reasons why different legal implications exist in the different economic and social milieus. And significantly, it is found that both the legislative implications of the CCCs and the SOECs reveal a kind of compromise.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,009 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,007 | 0,013 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,008 | 0,004 |
| Communication savante | 0,003 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,004 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».