Guest Editorial <i>Special Issue based on</i> “Energy Storage and Electric power Sub‐Systems for Advanced Vehicles” <i>For Invited Papers of IEEE‐VPPC 2014</i>

Electric propulsion vehicles are a key element for worldwide development of sustainable mobility. Despite development in recent years, electric vehicles still face serious challenges, namely those associated with energy storage devices, their management and control, their charging systems, and electronic variable speed drive optimisation. In this context, the IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference has been one of the most important international conferences, tackling the technically challenging aspects of electric and hybrid vehicle power and propulsion. The 11th IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC2014), www.vppc2014.org, was held in Coimbra, Portugal, from 27–30 October 2014. It was organised by the IEEE Vehicular Technology Society (VTS) and the Institute for Systems Engineering and Computer Coimbra (INESC Coimbra). The conference was divided into topics, each devoted to a specific theme of propulsion of electric and hybrid vehicles, or more focused special sessions. Of the 215 papers that were submitted from 33 countries, 159 were accepted and presented. In total, there were 16 sessions with oral presentations, three posters presentation sessions, three tutorials, three plenary sessions, a parallel meeting of the international research project “SAPPHIRE: prognostic and health management of fuel cell” and two special sessions organised with the Portuguese Association of Electric Vehicle (APVE). Furthermore, an important feature of this series of conferences is its environmental concern, so it was organised with a “Carbon Care” spirit to minimise and compensate the associated greenhouse gases emissions. This IET Special Issue, features papers presented at VPPC 2014 and focuses on state-of-the-art research and development, as well as identifying future trends in the modelling, design, control, and optimisation of energy storage components and electric power sub-systems for advanced vehicles. These include electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), fuel cell vehicles (FCVs), as well as electrified and advanced tractions and propulsions for trains, subways, ships, and aeroplanes. After a new independent peer review process, five top level extended papers were selected for this Special Issue: In “Degraded Mode Operation of Multi Stack Fuel Cell Systems”, the authors present current research on the degraded mode operation of multi-stack fuel cell systems upon the loss of one of its stack. As different power allocation strategies impact the behaviour of the multi-stack fuel cell system, fuel consumption results obtained through driving cycle simulations acquired with a test vehicle are used to compare the chosen allocation strategies. The results show that with a simple reconfiguration the multi-stack system can still complete the driving cycle and show acceptable efficiency loss during degraded mode operation. In “Adaptive Closed Loop State Control System for a Three-Level Z-Source Inverter”, an adaptive close loop control for a three level Z-source inverter in electric vehicles is proposed, aiming to enhance the efficiency of vehicular inverters. Combining the electrical function of a DC-DC converter and a three phase inverter, additional electrical potential occurs. The main benefit is the lower output-current ripple of each motor phase. This paper also presents the setting methodology of the control system parameters as well as the parameters of the observers, and explores why the operating concept is worthwhile for vehicular applications. In “Practical control schemes of a battery/supercapacitor system for electric vehicle”, a hybrid energy storage system for electric vehicles using supercapacitors and a battery is studied. Using Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) formalism, an Inversion-Based Control (IBC) can be deduced. A comparison between IBC and two other control schemes is performed within a practical aspect. Simulation and experimental tests with a reduced-scale test bed are provided using a real driving cycle of an electric car. The results demonstrate better global behaviour for the IBC than the other control schemes. In “Optimal sizing of an electrical machine using a magnetic circuit model: application to a hybrid electrical vehicle”, the authors focus on the sizing of the electrical machine of the HEV, taking into account its surroundings: the hybrid system, the driving cycle and optimal energy management. The paper proposes two formulations of a scaling model based on a magnetic circuit model (MCM) with either one or ten parameters. The MCM is then involved in a multi-objective optimisation process. This is a global sizing process using dynamic programming for optimal energy management under various driving conditions. In “Disparity in Initial and Lifetime Parameters of Lithium-Ion Cells”, the authors study the influence of the diversification of the cells on the aging process of an automotive Li-Ion battery. To do this they collected a vast amount of experimental test results in the laboratory with 700 cells. They have shown that the diversification of the cells has to be taken into account during system layout and packaging in order to correctly evaluate the battery lifetime and performance at the system level. Finally, the authors propose guidelines for optimising the operation strategy in order to minimise battery aging. We feel extremely privileged to have guest edited this Special Issue on Energy Storage and Electric Power Sub-Systems for Advanced Vehicles for IET Electrical Systems in Transportation. We are confident that the variety of timely topics covered will lead to future developments and discoveries in the field which can be applied to future transportation systems. The Guest Editors would like to thank Prof. S. Smith, Editor-in-Chief of the IET Electrical Systems in Transportations, K. Vukmirovic, Executive Editor of IET Research Journals, for all their support, and K. Gilson and S. Clackson, Editorial and Production Assistants for their administrative assistance throughout the development of this Special Issue. We would also like to thank all the authors who submitted papers and the world-class panel of reviewers for their tireless efforts. Paulo G. Pereirinha received his PhD Degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. Since 1995, he has been with the Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra-Coimbra Institute of Engineering (IPC-ISEC), where he is currently a Coordinator Professor with the Department of Electrical Engineering and President of the Scientific Committee. His classes and research interests include electrical machines, electric vehicles, electromechanical drives, finite elements, and renewable energies. Prof. Pereirinha was General Chair of IEEE VPPC 2014 and Publication Chair of IEEE VPPC 2015. He is a member of the Vehicular Power Propulsion Standing Advisory Committee of the IEEE Vehicular Technology Society, VTS. He is a researcher at INESC Coimbra and Vice-President of the Portuguese Electric Vehicle Association, APVE. Christophe Espanet received his Ph.D. from the University of Franche-Comte, France, in 1999. His doctoral research dealt with the design and optimisation of PM in-wheel motors. From 1999 to 2007, he was an Associate Professor at the University of Franche-Comte. From 2007 to 2015, he was a Full Professor at the University of Franche-Comte and head of a research team at the FEMTO-ST Institute. In 2015 he became scientific director of the Sonceboz Group. His research interests include modelling and design of electrical systems, in particular electric machines. Minh C. Ta graduated in 1986 and received his Ph.D. degree from Laval University, Canada in 1997. He has six years working in industrial and academic environments in Japan (1998–2004) and has been a Visiting Professor in Taiwan (2010), Australia (2012) and France (2015). He became Associate Professor in the Department of Industrial Automation, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Vietnam in 2009. He is the Director of the Center for Technology Innovation, HUST. His research interests focus on control of electric drive, power electronics, and applications for electric vehicles and renewable energy. He was the recipient of the Second Prize Paper Award from the IEEE Industrial Drives Committee in 2000 and the Patent C-class Prize from NSK Steering Systems Company, Ltd., Maebashi, Japan in 2012. He was the IEEE Vietnam Section Chair (2008–2011) and presently holds the position of General Secretary of the Vietnam Automation Association. João Pedro F. Trovão was born in Coimbra, Portugal, in 1975. He received his MSc and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering from the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal, in 2004 and 2013 respectively. From 2000 to 2014, he was a Teaching Assistant and an Assistant Professor with the Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra–Coimbra Institute of Engineering (IPC–ISEC), Portugal. Since 2014, he has been a Professor with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, where he holds the position of Canada Research Chair in Efficient Electric Vehicles with Hybridised Energy Storage Systems. His research interests cover the areas of electric vehicles, hybridised energy storage systems, energy management and rotating electrical machines. João Pedro F. Trovão is a member of the IEEE where he collaborates as a transactions paper reviewer. He is also a member of the International Steering Committee for the International Association for Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (IMACS TC1, ElectrIMACS). He was the General Co-Chair and the Technical Program Committee Co-Chair of the 2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference.

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