Decay following pruning of Balsam fir in the Maritime Provinces of Canada
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
As management of forests and parks intensifies, pruning of conifers becomes more common. Thus understanding the role of wounds as possible entry courts for decay fungi is vital. In order to study some aspects of this, three natural stands, one in New Brunswick and two in Nova Scotia, which had been pruned 4 to 7 years earlier by industrial or displaced workers, were examined. Five pruned and two unpruned balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) trees from each stand were dissected; cultural isolations were taken from 207 knots where pruning had caused little or no apparent damage to the bole, and from 169 blazes resulting from less careful prunings. All 15 pruned trees, ranging in age from 23 to 42 years, had decay attributable to pruning which averaged 1.7% of the stem volume. This incidence and volume of decay exceeds that recorded in unpruned trees 40 to 60 years old in New Brunswick. Axe blazes were the major entry court for decay-causing fungis basidiomycetes were associated with 12% of the blazes and with 5% of the more carefully pruned knots. Neither stem nor butt decay was found in the unpruned trees. In a further study, 7 branches on each of 30 balsam fir trees near Fredericton, N. B. were experimentally axe pruned; some carefully, some carelessly; both during tree dormancy and during wet and dry periods of active growth. Thirty additional branches were saw pruned. At periods of 2 to 3 weeks, 5 to 7 months and 17 to 19 months after pruning, cultures were made in the field from 70 of the pruning wounds. Within 2 weeks of the latter period, the trees were dissected, measured and further cultures were made in the laboratory from the same 70 wounds. Eighteen months after pruning, 28 of 30 trees had decay averaging 3.9% of stem volume and basidiomycetes were isolated from 22 (31%) of 70 wounds. In the controls butt decay only occurred in 4 of 10 trees. These studies show: (l) that blazes into sapwood (careless pruning) were more frequently infected than those where little or no sapwood was exposed; (2) the incidence of infection was least in branches pruned during the dry period and about equal for those pruned in the wet-active and dormant periods; and (3) the successional pattern began with imperfect fungi and bacteria, and terminated with decay fungi.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».