Global Coloniality of Power in Guatemala: Racism, Genocide, Citizenship
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
GLOBAL COLONIALITY OF POWER IN GUATEMALA: RACISM, GENOCIDE, CITIZENSHIP Egla Martinez Salazar Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2012 The legacies of colonialism continue today as marginalized women, men, and children throughout the world are subject to displacement, violence, and dis-crimination at the hands of an elite minority who seek increased power and profit. Egla Martinez Salazar's Global Coloniality of Power in Guatemala: Racism, Genocide, Citizenship provides an in-depth look into the roots of power, and how it has been wielded to suppress any form of resistance to it. Martinez Salazar's work offers a comprehensive interlocking analysis of oppression and resistance that will serve scholars and activists as they endeavour to 'decolonize' their own work. It also provides a timely analytical approach to understanding the geopolitics of knowledge and to debunking Euro-North American-centric epistemeologies of development, progress, and democracy. In the preliminary chapters, the author introduces the key arguments of her book and provides a fascinating genealogy of power struggles. She asserts that power struggles, such as the war on terror, share common 'patterns' as they are the result of modern, colonial, and global processes. Political agendas, pursued not only by corrupt governments in the Global South but also by powers in the Global North, have violently disrupted the lives of millions of people through the 'thingification' and 'Othering' of those who challenge the hetero-patriarchal nationalist agenda. Martinez Salazar thus argues that through interlocking processes of oppression and subjugation, state and corporate discourses and policies have attempted to 'dehumanize' these Others by erasing their histories and foreclosing on their political partici-pation. As an affront to this systematic process of erasure, the author briefly alludes to the socio-political and legal forms of organizing that pre-existed Spanish conquest in Guatemala. Although at times verging on an essentialized de-piction of indigenous organization and Mayan cosmovision, she astutely asserts the importance of uncovering the historically silenced and appropriated knowledge of Mayan people. Such work, she argues, can contribute to efforts to challenge the racialized, 'tribal,' and 'folkloric' conceptualizations of Indigenous people that have been spun by those in positions of power since the arrival of the land-grabbing Spanish colonizers to the present-day race for mineral-rich territory led by the Otto Perez Molina government and Canadian mining companies. While the book only briefly touches on the impact of this latter issue and the ensuing processes of criminalization against campesinos/as, it does offer important theoretical consid-erations for connecting racism, the Guatemalan genocide, and notions of citizenship to the present-day conflicts exploding in and around large-scale development projects. Martinez Salazar brilliantly adapts the work of Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben to demonstrate how violence, including genocidal violence in the case of Guatemala, is rationalized through law, religion, education, and economics, and how certain lives become disposable. …
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