The Rental Housing Index: Examining the State of Rental Housing in British Columbia
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
This report was undertaken as part of a larger research project initiated by the BC Non-Profit Housing Association (BCNPHA). The motivation behind the larger project was to provide better and more nuanced data on the rental housing market in British Columbia. The purpose of this report is to give context to this data and demonstrate how the methodology may be applicable outside of BC. The report begins by providing a historical analysis of the factors that have influenced the state of rental housing in Canada. These include the restructuring of federal income tax policies in 1972, rent control, effects of condominiums, direct government programs, and Canada’s ‘dual housing policy’. This history shows that the majority of today’s purpose-built residential rental stock was constructed prior to 1972 and will need significant maintenance in coming years. The current market incentivizes the provision of new rental housing delivered as smaller buildings by non-corporate landlords such as rented condos, rented houses, secondary suites and accessory dwellings such as laneway or carriage homes. For a variety of reasons, the data collected and reported on rental housing fails to document accurately this secondary rental market. The RHI research project was conceived to address the absence of information on the rental housing market. The second section gives an explanation of the methodology and its development followed by a discussion of the results of this research. Three main trends in BC’s rental housing market are identified. Firstly, unaffordable rental housing is not a problem that exists only in large urban centres. The statistical analysis undertaken through this research examined the rental housing markets in Canada, British Columbia, and nearly all BC Regional Districts and municipalities showing that communities of all sizes across BC have unaffordable rental housing markets. Secondly, issues with rental housing affordability appear to stem primarily from a mismatch between high rents and low incomes rather than households living in overcrowded or otherwise inadequate conditions. Lastly, because the unique methodology allows examination of rental housing trends for households with different incomes, it is shown that problems of rental housing affordability are disproportionately affecting those with lower incomes. The report concludes with recommendations as to how the results of this research may be applied in practice. The results of this project and the RHI as a tool are potentially useful to affordable housing advocates, researchers, planners and developers. Suggestions of how this work might be used by these types of practitioners are addressed in turn.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,004 | 0,009 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,002 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,004 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».