The Effects of Nutrient and Peat Amendments on Oil Sands Reclamation Wetlands: A Microcosm Study
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Oil sand mining operations in Alberta, Canada produce large quantities of process water and mature fine tailing (MFT) during the bitumen extraction process. Wet landscape reclamation is one of the reclamation strategies proposed to utilize process water and MFT in the creation of aquatic reclamation environments that are economically and environmentally acceptable. \n \nIn the interest of utilizing nutrient enrichment and peat amendment to improve aquatic flora and fauna colonization in new oil sands aquatic reclamation, this microcosm study was designed to assess the phytoplankton and periphyton growth (summer 2008), as well as benthic invertebrate colonization (summer 2009). Peat amendment significantly increased the growth of phytoplankton and periphyton by providing sufficient nutrients (total nitrogen, total phosphorus and dissolved organic carbon) to the system. In reference wetland, benthic invertebrate colonization was significantly increased by utilizing sand as bottom substrate and decreased by MFT/Sand mixture as bottom substrate. In OSPM-affected wetland, benthic invertebrate colonization was not affected by utilizing MFT/Sand as bottom substrate. In comparison to OSPM-affected wetlands, reference wetland had larger number of benthic invertebrate families and higher total abundance. \n \nIn this research, experimental microcosms were constructed in three reclamation wetlands with different types of reclamation materials as the bottom substrates (sand, MFT + sand) and amendments (nutrient and/or peat) added to optimize growing conditions for phytoplankton and periphyton, thus creating a biological detrital layer over unfavourable substrates to enhance benthic invertebrate colonization. The growth estimates of phytoplankton and periphyton on MFT + sand without amendment were low in comparison to the control (water only, no substrate). In comparison to sand, MFT + sand had higher growth estimates at OSPM-affected sites, but lower growth estimates at reference site. The growth estimates of phytoplankton and periphyton on MFT + sand were significantly increased with peat amendment. Nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) enrichment insignificantly improved the phytoplankton and periphyton growth. Peat amendments elevated the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and dissolved organic carbon in the system and maintained these high concentrations throughout the experiment period. Nutrient enrichment only temporarily (less than 3 weeks) elevated nitrogen and phosphorus levels as the nutrients added were quickly utilized by the system. \n \nBenthic invertebrate colonization was assessed in the following year. Sand treatments had increased total abundance and numbers of families of benthic invertebrate compared to the mature sediments of the reference wetland. In oil sand process material (OSPM)-affected wetlands, sand treatments had slightly lower abundance and fewer numbers of families in comparison to the mature sediments. In comparison to sand treatments, MFT + sand treatments had decreased total abundance in the reference wetland but not in OSPM-affected wetlands that received MFT input during its construction. Peat amendment and nutrient enrichment had no impact on benthic invertebrate total abundance or composition.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».