Evaluation of indicators of stress in populations of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) and grizzly bears (Ursus arctos)
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Grizzly and polar bears are both species at the top of the food chain in their respective ecosystems, and as such are indicative of the overall health of the ecosystem. Presently there is little data regarding the stress status of these animals. The development of reliable indicators of stress is important as both species face rapid environmental change. Polar bears from Hudson’s Bay (Ontario, Canada) and grizzly bears from Alberta, Canada, were anaesthetized and blood samples retrieved. Samples were assayed for changes in serum-based indicators of stress. Serum cortisol levels, the predominant corticosteroid in mammals and a commonly used indicator of stress, was measured to evaluate its potential as a chronic stress indicator in bears. The induction time of the cortisol response to stressor exposure is rapid and will be influenced by the stress relating to capture. Hence, serum levels of heat shock proteins (hsps), specifically the 60 (hsp60) and 70 kilodalton (hsp70) families of hsps were also measured to evaluate their reliability as a stress indicator in bears. Traditionally, heat shock proteins have been measured in tissues; however recent studies have indicated their presence in serum in response to chronic stress. In addition, the study examined the feasibility of using corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG), a serum protein that binds cortisol, as a stress indicator in bears. CBG regulates the availability of cortisol to the tissues (only unbound cortisol elicits a response) but unlike cortisol is not rapidly regulated by acute stress. Bear CBG was isolated and a specific anti-bear CBG antibody was generated. The development of an enzyme-linked immunoadsorbant assay (ELISA) using this bear anti-CBG has the potential to be a useful tool to determine longer-term stress response in bears. Known life-history variables were correlated to the observed levels of serum indicators to elucidate which environmental factors impact bears. The length of sea ice coverage was the strongest determinant of serum cortisol and hsp70 levels in polar bears; the longer ice cover reflects more feeding time and this is reduced through climatic warming. This suggests that fasting associated metabolic changes may be impacting serum cortisol response and hsp70 levels in polar bears. For grizzly bears the proportion of protected homerange had the strongest correlation with stress indicators. This suggests that human impact on the environment, including resource extraction and landscape changes, result in altered levels of serum cortisol and hsp70 levels. Hsp60 was not observed to vary significantly in the face of changing environmental variables, and as such no correlation could be made between serum hsp60 levels and environmental variables in bears. Serum hsp70 was observed to change significantly in response to environmental variables in both polar and grizzly bears. These data along with the changes in cortisol and other health based indicators have the potential to make hsp70 a useful indicator of altered health status in bears. This study is the first attempt to integrate the usefulness of a suite of serum indicators of stress as a tool for detecting the health status of bears. The lack of a control group for comparison to wild population limits the utility of the observed variables as a tool to detect stressed states in bears. However, as these serum indicators are also modulated by the animals health life-history, including food limitation, the monitoring of these serum stress indicators, along with other indicators of fed and fasted states, may give a better picture of the health status of the animal related to nutrient availability.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».