Microfluidic Redox Battery with Symmetric, Dual-Pass Architecture
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Microfluidic fuel cells and microfluidic redox batteries hold promises for future power generation of portable devices. In these membrane-less cells, a co-laminar interface in the micro-channel provides the separation between the reactants whilst permitting ionic charge transfer [1]. The use of flow-through porous electrodes allowed higher power densities and increased fuel utilization [2]. Recently, a dual-pass architecture utilizing flow-through porous electrodes was reported [3]. The cell achieved power densities up to 0.3 W/cm 2 using vanadium redox species at high flow rates and enabled in-situ recharging. Vanadium is a special element that has four different oxidation sates. Hence, it is commonly used in both electrolytes of a redox flow battery as well as in recent microfluidic electrochemical cells [4-5]. In this study, a microfluidic redox battery (MRB) with flow-through porous electrodes and a symmetric, dual-pass design is presented. The design of the cell is capable of both recharging and regenerative use of the reactant species and therefore, maximizing the fuel utilization. The architecture presented is an extension of our previously reported work [3], with the added modification of splitting each of the two electrodes into two sections, as shown in Fig. (1a) . This modification essentially divides the original MRB into a full upstream cell and a full downstream cell which can be in-situ characterized independently. The advantage of this analytical cell design is a more detailed understanding of reactant conversion in the dual-pass architecture of the MRB which will help with device optimization. The cell was fabricated using soft lithography techniques in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using an SU-8 master and bonded to a glass substrate. Micro-porous carbon paper is used to make rectangular electrode strips for the device. The vanadium redox electrolytes were prepared as described elsewhere [6]. First, preliminary experiments are conducted to test the performance of the upstream cell in order to benchmark the new cell design against regular cells. The cell has an open circuit voltage around 1.51 V at a high flow rate of 100 μL/min. The full polarization and power curves for the upstream cell operated at the same flow rate is presented in Fig. (1b) . These results demonstrate the successful operation of the cell in the discharge mode, where it produced up to 2.5 mW at a current of 4 mA. Moreover, the power output and the fuel utilization of the device are evaluated for both series and parallel connections of the upstream and downstream cells. These comparisons will enable quantification of the coupling between the upstream and downstream cells and evaluation of asymmetric flow separation at the downstream stagnation point of the device. Acknowledgements Funding for this research provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) is highly appreciated. References [1] E. Kjeang, N. Djilali, and D. Sinton, Journal of Power Sources, 186 , 353-369 (2009). [2] E. Kjeang, R. Michel, D. A. Harrington, N. Djilali, and D. Sinton, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 130 , 4000-6 (2008). [3] J. W. Lee, M.-A. Goulet, and E. Kjeang, Lab on a Chip, 13 , 2504-2507 (2013). [4] M. Rychcik and M. Skyllas-Kazacos, Journal of Power Sources, 22 , 59-67, (1988). [5] J. W. Lee, J. K. Hong, and E. Kjeang, Electrochimica Acta, 83 , 430–438 (2012). [6] J. W. Lee, and E. Kjeang, Journal of Power Sources, 242 , 472-477, (2013).
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
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