Hardware and Software Constraints for Automotive Firewall Systems?
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Résumé
<div class="section abstract"><section id="s_1" class="section"><h2 class="title">Introduction</h2><div class="htmlview paragraph">The introduction of Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet [<span class="xref">2</span>] as the main invehicle network infrastructure is the technical foundation for different new functionalities such as piloted driving, minimizing the CO<sub>2</sub>- footprint and others. The high data rate of such systems influences also the used microcontrollers due the fact that a big amount of data has to be transferred, encrypted, etc.</div><figure id="F1" class="figure"><div class="graphic-wrapper"><img class="article-figure figure" src="2016-01-0063_fig0001.jpg" alt="Motivation - Vehicles will become connected to uncontrolled networks"/></div><span class="label">Figure 1</span><figcaption class="caption"><span class="title">Motivation - Vehicles will become connected to uncontrolled networks</span></figcaption></figure><div class="htmlview paragraph">The usage of Ethernet as the in-vehicle-network enables the possibility that future road vehicles are going to be connected with other vehicles and information systems to improve system functionality. These previously closed automotive systems will be opened up for external access (see <span class="xref">Figure 1</span>). This can be Car2X connectivity or connection to personal devices. Allowing vehicle systems to communicate with other systems that are not within their physical boundaries impose a previously non-existing security problem. Any external communication with the vehicle system must be considered as a potential security threat, which may impact the system functionality or any of the safety properties.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This may result in new vulnerabilities that could be exploited by malicious attackers [<span class="xref">1</span>, <span class="xref">3</span>]. Any external access to the system must be authorized and firewalled, so that only trustworthy users and services can make use of the functionality.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">In order to achieve a high level of security a holistic security concept is highly essential. A holistic security concept is based on the following basic building block:</div><ul class="list disc"><li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Physical Security (tamper proof)</div></li><li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Network Security</div></li><li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Secure System Software (ECU Hardening)</div></li><li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Application Hardening</div></li></ul><div class="htmlview paragraph">In order to archive a high level of confidence for the internal secure network communication a firewall concept is required. A holistic firewall approach includes firewalls in different ECU with different firewall functionalities.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper addresses the hardware and software architecture patterns for building automotive firewall systems.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">In the first chapter state-of-the-art firewall concepts will be shortly presented and afterwards special automotive requirements will be introduced.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">In following chapters the basic requirements for a firewall system from the OEM point of view will be discussed. It is followed by having a closer look on the hardware aspects which come along with automotive requirements.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The paper finishes with some software aspects about realizing firewalls.</div></section></div>
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