Subsalt Imaging Using TTI Reverse Time Migration
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
SS: The Future of Seismic Imaging; Reverse Time Migration and Full Wavefield Inversion - Subsalt Imaging Using TTI Reverse Time Migration Tony Huang; Tony Huang CGGVeritas Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Yu Zhang; Yu Zhang CGGVeritas Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Houzhu James Zhang; Houzhu James Zhang CGGVeritas Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Jerry Young Jerry Young CGGVeritas Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Paper presented at the Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, Texas, May 2009. Paper Number: OTC-19877-MS https://doi.org/10.4043/19877-MS Published: May 04 2009 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Get Permissions Search Site Citation Huang, Tony, Zhang, Yu, Zhang, Houzhu James, and Jerry Young. "SS: The Future of Seismic Imaging; Reverse Time Migration and Full Wavefield Inversion - Subsalt Imaging Using TTI Reverse Time Migration." Paper presented at the Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, Texas, May 2009. doi: https://doi.org/10.4043/19877-MS Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll ProceedingsOffshore Technology ConferenceOTC Offshore Technology Conference Search Advanced Search AbstractThe development of reverse time migration (RTM) and the availability of wide-azimuth data have significantly increased our ability to image subsalt. Much of this potential, however, remains to be developed by seismic imagers.One area for future development is the incorporation of anisotropy in subsalt imaging. Most anisotropic imaging involves vertical transverse isotropy (VTI), while tilted transverse isotropy (TTI) is generally overlooked. Shale that overlies the dipping salt flanks can cause TTI anisotropy issues. This type of geometry is common in the Deepwater Gulf of Mexico, particularly around salt-withdrawal minibasins. Ignoring the tilted symmetry not only causes image blurring and mispositioning of the salt flank, but also degrades and distorts the base of salt and subsalt images.RTM for isotropic and VTI has been routinely used, but the applications of RTM in a 3D heterogeneous TTI medium is still in its infancy. This lag is the result of difficulties in numerical formulations for non-vertical symmetric axes and the subsequent instabilities. The TTI implementation also carries much higher computational costs than those of isotropic and VTI cases. With the demonstration of its benefits and the advances in computing power, the usage of TTI RTM is expected to increase significantly.Initial applications of TTI RTM used narrow-azimuth, towed-streamer data. The lack of azimuthal information limited the ability to derive the velocity and corresponding anisotropic parameters. More accurate TTI parameters were derived and the benefits of TTI imaging were obtained only when two orthogonal narrow-azimuth datasets were processed simultaneously. The advent of wide-azimuth data in the Deepwater Gulf of Mexico further opens the door for TTI imaging. This is because the wide-azimuth data contains more abundant azimuthal information than either narrow-azimuth or multiple narrow-azimuth datasets.Topics related to TTI RTM remain a focus within the seismic imaging community. Improving the derivation of TTI anisotropic parameters from wide-azimuth data and extending full wavefield inversion for TTI media are among the most active areas of study.IntroductionSeismic imagers routinely apply TTI depth imaging technology to image structures that lie beneath dipping, anisotropic overburden in the Canadian Foothill (Vestrum and Vermeulen, 2004), North Sea (Hawkins et al, 2002) and Offshore West Africa (Ball, 1995). Until now, ray-based migration algorithms served as the only choice for TTI imaging, because upgrading ray-based imaging algorithms for TTI is straightforward and incurs minor additional computational cost. Unlike ray-based algorithms, TTI wave-base algorithms are difficult to formulate and their implementations are often unstable and computationally intensive. Unfortunately, ray-based algorithms perform poorly in comparison to wave-based algorithms in imaging structures beneath such complex overburden as the subsalt in the Gulf of Mexico. This impedes the use of TTI imaging for subsalt in the Gulf of Mexico. The lack of appropriate checkshots and offset VSPs that can be used to constraint anisotropic parameters further discourages the utilization of TTI imaging in the Deepwater Gulf of Mexico. Keywords: annual international meeting, migration, algorithm, upstream oil & gas, offshore technology conference, tomography, velocity field, reservoir characterization, tti rtm, subsalt imaging Subjects: Reservoir Characterization, Seismic processing and interpretation This content is only available via PDF. 2009. Offshore Technology Conference You can access this article if you purchase or spend a download.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,018 | 0,009 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».