Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Modern palliative care emerged in the 1960s in the United Kingdom with the development of the British Hospice movement. Although clinical programs developed rapidly worldwide, these clinical programs did not have access to the protected academic time and research grants that are characteristic of academic medicine. As a result, the body of knowledge in palliative care grew at a slower pace compared with other areas of academic medicine. Fortunately, during the last decade, there has been increased interest in palliative care within the universities and major academic hospitals around the world. As a result, new and exciting knowledge is now available for clinicians treating palliative care patients. In this issue of Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care, I am delighted to introduce our readers to a series of innovative and very well written reviews. Egidio Del Fabbro and Sherri Rauenzahn [1] review the opioid management of pain within the context of the opioid abuse epidemic worldwide. Their review demonstrates that appropriate pain management requires regular screening for the risk of chemical coping and multidimensional interdisciplinary management of pain. Traditional teaching in the management of cancer pain in palliative care has made limited emphasis on the appropriate management of patients with a history of alcoholism and drug dependence. This chapter will be extremely useful to clinicians, particularly as palliative care is now more frequently expanding to the ambulatory care setting and patients access palliative care earlier in the trajectory of their disease. Rony Dev provides a review of the management of cachexia, with particular emphasis on two recently described problems. Hypogonadism is now accepted as a major component of cancer cachexia and it is at least partially associated with chronic opioid management. Increased resting energy expenditure has also recently been recognized as one of the complications in patients with cancer cachexia. This review emphasizes all the importance of two contributing factors to cancer cachexia that are treatable and this review points to the important areas of future research. Peter Lawlor and Shirley Bush [2] provide a scholarly review on the screening, diagnosis, and management of delirium. Delirium is one of the most distressing syndromes we encounter in palliative care. This review stresses the importance of screening and early detection as well as the importance of identifying reversible contributors such as opioid analgesics, and the need for more aggressive symptomatic management. One of the remarkable findings of this review is the limited number of clinical trials on the pharmacological management of agitated delirium. Over the years, supportive and palliative care has extended to the pediatric population. However, contrary to the adult population, most pediatric palliative care patients do not have a diagnosis of cancer. These patients have different requirements regarding the assessment and management of their most common problems. Joanne Wolfe and Julie Hauer [3] have provided an outstanding review on palliative care in children, with specific emphasis on the metabolic and neurologic diseases. Over the last 20 years, patient-reported outcomes have become the gold standard for the assessment and management of patients and their families in palliative care. Unfortunately, both the assessment and the management of these patients are particularly challenging when there is a background of chronic mental illness. Mari Lloyd Williams, Katherine Abba, and Jacqueline Crowther [4] have reviewed the specific challenges posed by chronic mental illness including dementia on the delivery of effective supportive and palliative care. This review is useful to all palliative care specialists, especially for those practicing in geriatric facilities and nursing homes. Chaplains have had a historic role in the development of palliative care in the United Kingdom and Canada. In the recent years, research has progressively demonstrated the value of spiritual assessment and management in improving the quality of life of palliative care patients and their families. Marvin Delgado-Guay [5,6] provides a very useful clinical and evidence-based review on the spiritual assessment and management in palliative care. I have found these reviews to be uniformly outstanding in quality. I am grateful to the editors for their kind invitation to edit this special issue and I hope our readers will enjoy reading each of these papers as much as I did. Acknowledgements None. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,003 | 0,012 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,003 | 0,003 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,003 |
| Communication savante | 0,003 | 0,006 |
| Science ouverte | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,004 | 0,008 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,012 | 0,003 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».