Extreme Sodium Reductions for the Entire Population: Zealotry or Evidence Based?
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Should Americans eat less salt? “Yes” has been the advice from several professional organizations. But are such sweeping public health recommendatations based on good science or are they based on an overzealous extrapolation of limited data? Currently, the average consumption of sodium (Na) in the United States is about 3.5g/day. Some guidelines recommend reducing the Na consumption of the entire US population to <2.3g/day, and some to even 1.5g/day. Is this 35%–65% reduction in Na consumption in millions of Americans necessary, safe, and feasible? The crux of the argument is that the blood pressure (BP)–lowering effect of a reduction in Na intake (to low intake levels) will reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD). But is this supported by incontrovertible evidence, or is it in large part conjecture? One of the most influential studies was INTERSALT, which reported a weak relationship between Na and BP (0.94/0.03mm Hg per gram of Na).1 An equally well-conducted study from Scotland published side by side showed no significant association between Na excretion and BP,2 yet received little attention, illustrating the biases with which papers are selectively emphasized. The DASH trial in 2001,3 which has been a primary basis for the current American Heart Association guidelines and the 2010 National Dietary Guidelines, is a “proof of concept” study as to whether changes in multiple aspects of diet (including Na reduction) would lower BP under controlled situations (all meals were provided to the participants and their spouses) over 5 weeks. This trial demonstrated that large reductions in Na intake (1.8g/day) lowered BP (by 4.9/2.6mm Hg), but the effects were more modest (3.0/1.6mm Hg) in those who consumed an otherwise healthy diet, which also lowers BP. Further, the average intake of potassium in the DASH participants was low (1.56g/day) compared with the typical US diet (2.6g/d),4 and this may have enhanced the effects of Na reduction.5,6 A study of 18 months of intervention (e.g., Trials of Hypertension Prevention) where foods were not replaced showed smaller reductions in Na (1.0g/day) and a proportionately smaller reduction in systolic BP of 1.7 mmHg.7
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».