Successful Application of Hot Water Circulation in the Pelican Lake Field - Results and Analyses of the E29 Hot Water Injection Pilot
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract The Pelican Lake field in northern Alberta (Canada) is home to the first successful commercial application of polymer flooding in higher viscosity oils (i.e. greater than 1,000 cp), which has opened up new opportunities for the development of heavy oil resources. The field produces from the Wabiskaw “A” reservoir which has thin pay (2 to 6 meters) and exhibits a significant viscosity gradient across the field, with oil viscosities as low as 600 cp in the existing waterflood and polymer flood area to over 200,000 cp in the current undeveloped “immobile” area. This unique geological feature limits the application of chemical injection to the less viscous areas of the field and calls for different methods for the heavier accumulations. As a first step to develop alternate technologies capable of recovering oil from heavier areas of the field not ideal for polymer flooding, a hot water injection pilot was designed and implemented in June 2011. The hot water injection scheme was applied to a transition area where dead oil viscosity ranges from 3,000 cp to approximately 15,000 cp. It consists of one horizontal producer supported by two horizontal hot water injectors, with an injector-producer distance of 50 meters for both injectors, and 3 vertical observation wells equipped to monitor pressure and temperature between one injector and the producer. The pilot was operated in three phases. The first phase consisted of 6 months of primary production period to obtain a baseline of the pilot performance prior to hot water injection. The second phase began in June 2011 and consisted of hot water injection through the edge injectors. The third phase was started in March 2012 and consists of hot water edge injection accompanied by hot water circulation in the production well as a means to stimulate oil production. One of the features of this stage is the use of an insulated coil tubing, which continuously delivers hot water to the toe of the producer and allows continuous stimulation and uninterrupted oil production. This paper describes the mechanical components of the pilot and discusses the results obtained with an emphasis on the hot water circulation stage which has proven to be very effective. Oil production increased from approximately 6 m3/d during the flood stage, to more than 25 m3/d during the hot water circulation stage and has held relatively steady for more than 2 years. The data captured has been reconciled with analytical and reservoir simulation models, and results suggest that the technology could help unlock some of the heavier oil accumulations in the field.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».