Laboratory and Numerical Simulations of Pipeline Leakage Behaviour: Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Migration Through Porous Media and Subsequent Atmospheric Dispersion
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The transport of diluent (i.e. condensate blend) and/or diluted bitumen (i.e. dilbit) using buried pipelines is common practice. Aerial surveys are conducted on a regular basis as a part of the leak detection strategy at Enbridge Pipelines. During these surveys, the pilot flies over the right-of-way to visually inspect the pipeline for leakage along the pipeline corridor. Beyond visual inspection, the detection of proximal indicators of leakage by using remote sensors mounted on the aircraft is proposed in order to further enhance visual aerial leak detection methods. These sensors are designed to detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which are expected to evolve, even from small liquid leaks within the shallow subsurface and subsequently reach the atmosphere. If these VOCs can be detected in the local atmosphere in the vicinity of a leak during aerial surveys, then small liquid leaks may be more easily identified, characterized and remediated. This study is aimed to characterize and model VOC movement through soil to quantify the amount of VOC concentration expected to diffuse into the atmosphere within the vicinity of leakage. The experimental study consisted of the characterization of three organic fluids, and one type of soil material representative of that used in pipeline construction. Two types of dilbit with different viscosities, as well as a typical diluent (i.e. condensate), were used because these types of organic fluids are commonly transported using pipelines. Batch laboratory tests were conducted using glass screw top vessels in order to determine the concentration and organic species evolving from these fluids. Headspace VOC and other gas species were characterized after 24 hours following the addition of the fluid to the sealed vessel. Custom designed laboratory-based columns were constructed, based upon scaled down field dimensions, and were used to simulate fluid leakage. Fluid was injected at the base of each column, over which porous media was suspended. Each test characterized the migration of VOCs through the porous medium, VOC breakthrough at the surface and data allowed the calculation of VOC flux into the overlying headspace. Columns were operated under closed and flow through modes. Data obtained from the laboratory experiments defined bounding parameters for numerical simulations comprising of decoupled subsurface and atmospheric models. Subsurface modelling of the experimentally simulated leakage event was refined and validated using experimental data and a larger scale field leak scenario was modeled. Data from the laboratory testing and subsurface numerical simulations was used to construct atmospheric dispersion models of a potential field leak simulation. All atmospheric dispersion modelling used a Gaussian Dispersion Model within the Polair Software package (Odotech Inc.).
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».