Urban transportation policy and planning : |b an analysis of future directions for the metropolitan transportation decision-making process
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Despite the application of substantial financial and technological resources, metropolitan transportation continues to pose an exceedingly complex problem for contemporary cities, one which threatens to seriously undermine the quality of urban life. Numerous authors have attributed the often worsening problem of urban transportation to the inability of transportation planning to achieve a high level of accomplishment. Serious concern for the urban future led the author to inquire what are the requirements necessary to equip the planning and policy processes to adapt to the challenge of the metropolitan transportation problem. Moreover, recognizing that future improvement of these processes would ultimately require a responsive attitude from transportation decision-makers the study attempted to assess the extent to which politicians, planners and engineers recognized and accepted the requirements. Summarizing the views of a number of authors revealed three oft-mentioned goals towards which the transportation decision-making process should strive: comprehensiveness, coordination and participation. An essentially deductive approach was applied to fulfill the first objective of assessing the validity of these conceptual goals as necessary requirements for future planning and policy in urban transportation. The first task involved an analysis of the relationship between urban transportation planning and the transportation problem. A description of its components evinced a multi-faceted problem of formidable scope and complexity. Tracing the development of transportation planning showed that over time, planning had broadened its scope in attempting to adapt to an expanding problem but had essentially retained an economic, technological and engineering orientation. However, the literature review identified a rapidly changing context of transportation planning which demanded increased awareness of the social/environmental impacts of urban transportation, the problems of mass transit and the desire of citizens for participation in the decision-making process. The older methodologies were found to be incompatible with these recently emerging concerns. To keep pace with a substantially redefined problem, the consensus of informed opinion confirmed the need for the planning process to develop a more comprehensive view, incorporating the emerging issues in the development of multimodal transportation systems with greater public participation. These were to be combined with changes in the policy development process to ensure legislative and funding support and a substantial degree of enforced coordination between fragmented transportation agencies for the effective delivery of transportation policy and programs. The conclusions of the literature review were further supported by the results of a case study analysis of two major transportation planning efforts in the Greater Vancouver region. The fruitlessness of the freeway program was attributed to the absence of legislative and funding support combined with a narrow planning process lacking community participation. The provincial transit program, however, was founded on a firm policy base but encountered implementation problems as a result of its inability to establish coordinative mechanisms or solicit broad participation from interested agencies. A survey approach based on uniform interviews of transportation decision-makers in the Greater Vancouver produced retrospective evaluations of the two programs. The results substantively verified the case study conclusions, adding further credence to the necessity for comprehensiveness, coordination and participation in the planning and policy phases to ensure a fruitful outcome for the transportation decision-making process. The retrospective evaluations showed that decision-makers recognized the need for the conceptual goals. To assess their willingness to implement the requirements, the survey solicited their views on the desirable components of future policies and programs for Greater Vancouver. The results indicated strong support for a comprehensive and participatory planning process such as that of the GVRD as well as policies which took a comprehensive view, established an organization to coordinate the activities of implementing agencies and encouraged broad participation. On the basis of the results, the study concluded that the conceptual goals were necessary and that fundamental changes in the decision-making process were required to adapt the planning and policy processes to meet the new demands of the urban transportation problem.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,009 | 0,007 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,003 | 0,006 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,004 | 0,007 |
| Communication savante | 0,016 | 0,009 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,006 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».