Historical note on the untimely passing of George Ralph Mines
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
George Ralph Mines passed away at the age of 28. He was found unresponsive in his lab on the evening of 7 November 1914, and died in hospital later that very night, leaving behind his wife, two young children, and a third child in utero. A newspaper article published immediately following his death attributed his demise to ‘a series of experiments on respiration Saturday afternoon, using himself as a subject’ (Anon, 1914). The inscription on Mines's gravestone in Mount Royal Cemetery in Montreal states ‘Died suddenly as the result of a laboratory experiment.’ In a 1983 Scientific American article (Winfree, 1983), Winfree attributed Mines's death to the self-induction of fibrillation, extending the experiments he had carried out in rabbits, ‘When Mines decided it was time to begin work with human beings, he chose the most readily available experimental subject: himself.’ This account of death due to self-experimentation has been repeated in several other places (DeSilva, 1997; Altman, 1998; Acierno & Worrell, 2001). That evening I was rung up by the night watchman from the physiology department to come at once. There had been an accident. I went and found a group of medical men surrounding a supine Mines, unconscious but breathing stertorously. He had been found joined up with a pump, which appeared to blow morphia into a vein. (As a matter of fact, the apparatus was so wrongly set up that it would blow air into the circulatory system, and this it had done.) His skin around the chest was bloated with air. There was a letter for me from Mines, which apologized for the trouble he was causing us. [This letter has never been found.] Clearly he had tried to commit suicide by blowing morphia into his system, and so far had failed. This account is consistent with the autopsy report that is also in the McGill archives. Although the documentation does not provide a motive for suicide, we believe suicide is the most plausible hypothesis for Mines's death. We thank the Osler librarians Christopher Lyons and Anna Dysert for assistance. None declared. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work. All persons designated as authors qualify for authorship, and all those who qualify for authorship are listed. None declared.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,005 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,012 | 0,010 |
| Communication savante | 0,004 | 0,004 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,004 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,005 | 0,014 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,007 | 0,004 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».