Is the Automatic Recognition of Emotional Expressions Modulated by Eye-Gaze Direction?
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Automatically recognising threat-related expressions is critical for humans’ survival as it allows for rapid evaluation of a threatening stimulus that subsequently elicits an immediate behavioural response. Research has consistently found that angry expressions are automatically processed and recognised. However, research investigating automatic recognition of fearful expressions has provided conflicting results. One possible explanation for why evidence has not always been found for automatic processing of fearful expressions is that eye-gaze direction was not considered as a factor modulating emotion recognition. Typically, only direct gaze stimuli have been used in experimental studies. However, the shared signal hypothesis and appraisal theory both propose that greater recognition of angry expressions is associated with a direct gaze, whereas averted gaze enhances the recognition of fearful expressions. Accordingly, eye-gaze direction was incorporated into the current experimental design. The present study investigated whether the automatic recognition of task-irrelevant, threat-related expressions is modulated by eye-gaze direction. In three experiments, angry and fearful emotion words were superimposed upon faces expressing angry, fearful or neutral expressions to create congruent, neutral and incongruent trials. The faces also depicted a direct or an averted eye-gaze direction. Participants were instructed to ignore the face and categorise the emotion word into the correct emotion category as quickly and accurately as possible. In Experiment 1 the stimuli depicted natural portrayals of gaze aversion, whereas in Experiments 2 and 3 gaze aversion was digitally manipulated. Additionally, in Experiment 3 emotional intensity was manipulated to depict a mild or intermediate version in order to reduce the discriminability of angry and fearful expressions and enhance the significance of gaze cues. The results across the three experiments showed significant congruency effects for angry and fearful expressions regardless of gaze direction, providing evidence that both threat-related expressions are automatically recognised. Additionally, the results from Experiment 3 showed weaker congruency effects in the mild intensity condition compared to the intermediate condition, confirming that emotional expressions were less discriminable in the mild intensity condition. However, reducing emotion discriminability had no effect on the significance of gaze cues as gaze direction did not impact emotion recognition in either intensity condition. In conclusion, this study indicates that the automatic recognition of threat-related expressions is not modulated by eye-gaze direction in a selective attention task.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».