Core to Pore Scale Visual Analyis of Mixing Process in the Presence of Interface Between Heavy-Oil and Solvent
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Solvent injection, which is the only alternative to thermal methods to reduce the viscosity of heavy-oil, requires an effective solvent distribution in the reservoir to achieve the maximum oil-solvent contact. The dilution process, however, becomes slower as oil gets heavier. In this case, an initial interface exists between oil and -liquid or gas- solvent (similar to ultralow immiscible fluids cases). In case of heterogeneous reservoirs (fractured carbonates or wormholed oil sands), the diffusive mixing between the solvent in the fractures/wormholes and matrix oil requires longer contact times. Hence, an initial interface between the solvent and oil may exist and, depending on the wettability conditions, the existence of water and oil/solvent type, capillary imbibition (liquid solvent) or drainage (gas solvent) transfer into the matrix may take place. Intrusion of oil by capillary imbibition accelerates oil recovery reducing the time to get the oil and solvent contacted in order for the dilution (mixing) process to start. To investigate this phenomenon and perform a parametric analysis, an experimental design was developed focusing on analyzing the oil-solvent mixing zone mechanisms. A wide range of oil types (50cp to 100,000cp) and solvents (heptane and decane) were used. Experiments were performed on oil saturated 3 × 7 cm 2-D glass (core scale) and glass capillary tubes by soaking them into solvent under static conditions. To identify the mixing process (by color gradient) and distinguish the phases, advanced illumination and photographic techniques were applied using UV light and coloring the solvent. The followed experimental approach employed visual models at core and pore scale levels and successfully displayed the existence of both capillary imbibition and diffusion mechanisms in a solvent heavy-oil system. To what extent capillary imbibition could occur and assist in the recovery by miscible interaction was clarified for different oil, solvent, and wettability conditions. The results revealed that the solvent injection process might be enhanced by other mechanisms (imbibition or drainage) in heterogeneous reservoirs, which is usually neglected in modeling studies. Initial capillary imbibition took place if the glass surface was more solvent-wet than the original oil. Diffusive mixing followed by convective mixing occurred. Time periods corresponding to different recovery mechanisms were identified for different wettabilities and oil viscosities.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».