Management experience of industrial contaminated sites in western countries and its implications for China

In recent years some industrial sites have been abandoned and are subject to relocating because of the implementation of governmental policy known as Withdraw from Cities,Move towards Parks and Industrial Transfer.On the one hand,most of the industrial sites are contaminated by heavy metal and organic pollutants,posing various threats to human health and local ecosystem.On the other hand,the delayed re-exploitation of the contaminated sites is likely to deteriorate the residential environment,reduce the employment opportunity,and then damage the stability of the society.Therefore,the contaminated sites are threatening the safety of urban residential environment,affecting the public health,and preventing the society development.National and local governments have responded positively in environmental management,remediation and re-exploitation of these sites.However,at present,due to variety of the types of contaminated sites and interdisciplinary nature of environmental management,much work on the environmental management of contaminated sites is still in infancy and needs to be improved.Western countries such as USA,UK and Canada have accumulated rich experience and established relatively perfect management systems for contaminated sites in the past 20-30 years.They not only embody the key idea of human health risk assessment,but also implement the polluter pays principle.The additional success is the prior lists of contaminated site remediation,which are constructed to realize the information and network management of contaminated sites.This paper,based upon the investigation and combining with China's reality,provides detailed comparisons of USA,UK and Canada environmental management systems of contaminated sites and puts forth some deliberations and proposals for contaminated site management.Firstly,it is needed to constitute the special laws to regulate clearly the responsible subject responding to the industrial contaminated site management.Although the present laws and rules have provided the basis for the right and benefit distribution between the relative bodies for contaminated site management,some definite,feasible and powerful clauses are absent.It is an important attempt to regulate clearly the responsible subject by constituting the laws for China,a country with vast territory,different natural and geographical conditions and unbalanced economic levels.Secondly,it is necessary to construct the health risk assessment system of contaminated sites.In our country,the contaminated sites involve various industries and contain one or more pollutants.Therefore,investigating on a nationwide scale and constructing the prior list of contaminated sites is a very important step to construct the risk assessment system of contaminated sites.In addition,the current standards of soil quality and contaminated site risk assessment in China still have some defects and cannot meet the demand of industrial contaminated site management.Improving the risk assessment regulations and standards of contaminated sites will provide a basic guarantee for the construction of contaminated site risk assessment system.The authors hope that these analyses will provide helpful references for the Chinese government to effectively manage the contaminated sites and construct the contaminated site risk assessment system.

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