Study on nitrogen characteristics of coated controlled-release fertilizer with different particle sizes
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
At present,although controlled-release fertilizer(CRFs) has stepped on the industrial scale in China,the technology of controlled release is behind that of developed countries such as USA and Canada.Qualities of CRF of different products are different.One of the reasons for the quality difference might come from the difference of substrate of CRF,being kernel compounds of the CRF. Currently,most of researches on CRF pay great attention to the coating materials and coating technique rather than the substrate.The previous study of the authors has found that particle sizes and its distribution of the substrate affected greatly on the longevity,being a quality parameter of controlled release fertilizers.The CRFs used in this study were a resin coated Kemira Grow-How NPK(15-15-15) granule which is manufactured by Planta Controlled Release Company.The substrate was mixed based on the real proportion of particle size distribution of the commercial products.Amount of coating material is 7.7% of the substrate. Then the CRFs were divided into three groups of 23mm,34 mm and 45 mm,and incubated in distilled water with a ratio of fertilizer to water of 1∶20 for 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,14,21,28 and 56 days under constant temperature at 25℃±1℃,respectively.The ammonium and nitrate were determined at the given time to evaluate the effect of granule size on the nitrogen release rate(NRR).Results showed that the NRR and initial solubility are decreased with the increase of the substrate particle sizes.However,the longevity of CRF is increased with the substrate particle size.The NRR after 24 h incubation was 26.9%,4.45% and 1.26% for CRF with a particle size of 2 to 3,3 to 4 and 4 to 5 mm,respectively.The longevity is 4 d,28 d and 56 d for CRF with a particle size of 2 to 3,3 to 4 and 4 to 5 mm separately.During the early stage of incubation,nitrogen released mainly from CRF which particle size is smaller than 3 mm,whereas the later stage is from CRF which particle size is bigger than 3 mm.The ratio of coating material to substrate is increased with increase of the particle size.The ratio of coating material to substrate of CRF with particle size of 2 to 3 mm is decreased by 15.58% and that of 3 to 4 mm decreased by 4.29%.Nevertheless,the ratio of coating material to substrate of CRF with particle size of 4 to 5 mm is increased by 5.65%. Therefore,the substrate evenly distributed in particle size is one of the most important factors affecting quality of CRFs.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».