Control of<i>Frankliniella occidentalis</i>with Foliar Insecticides, 2014
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of several insecticides against western flower thrips, a serious pest in greenhouse and nursery crop production in the United States. The trial was conducted on an ornamental pepper cultivar ‘Masquerade’ under greenhouse condition at the U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory. Pepper plants were grown from seed in Fafard Pro-Mix (Canadian Formula; Conrad Fafard, Inc., Agawam, MA 01001-2907) medium in seedling trays and transplanted in 10.1 cm-diam plastic pots when seedlings were approximately 5 wk old. The greenhouse was maintained at 26 ± 3°C and 75–80% RH. Plants were spaced at 1.5 × 1.5 ft, watered as needed (∼2 times a wk), and fertilized weekly with 50 ml/pot of Peters Professional® 20-10-20 (325 ppm) (Scotts Co., Marysville, OH). The trial was setup in a RCB design with five replicates (single plants). Treatment applications were made to established pest populations as a curative measure, using a small hand-held sprayer delivering 65.5 ml/ m 2 at 211 kPa (30.6 psi); treated. Treatment effects were assessed by comparing number of thrips infesting flowers. Thrips density was measured from samples of 1 flower per pepper plant. Flower samples were collected in 50 ml Falcon® tubes, washed with 75% ethanol to dislodge insects at various life stages; the alcohol plus thrips specimens was then sieved using a 25 µm, testing sieve (USA Standard, W. S. Tyler, Inc.). The remaining insects on the sieve were washed off with 75% alcohol into a Petri dish and counted under a dissecting microscope at 12×. Count data were subjected to square root transformation prior to conducting ANOVA and mean separation procedures. The data presented are the untransformed means. When appropriate, treatment mean separation was performed using the least significant difference (LSD) test at the P < 0.05 level. Although numbers varied greatly, there was a significant reduction in the number of thrips in all insecticide treatments relative to the control. Overture was the most effective product in reducing the number of WFT larvae and adults, leading to 100% decrease towards the end of the study. Overture showed consistent results against WFT larvae; no thrips larvae were observed after treatment with Overture on any of the sampling dates ( Table 1 ). Epimek (97-100%) and Spintor (85-100%) also provided significant reduction in the number of thrips larvae on all post- application sampling dates. Spintor (75-100% reduction) and Overture (33-100% reduction) provided significant suppression in the number of WFT adults relative to the untreated control on all the sampling dates, except DAT 5 for Overture ( Table 2 ). Movento was found to be least effective against WFT larvae (27–71% reduction) and adults (61–92% reduction) among all insecticide treatments. No phytotoxicity symptoms were observed following any of the insecticide treatments. Means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different ( P > 0.05, LSD test). Henderson–Tilton’s corrected percent mortality is presented in parentheses after each mean. Means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different ( P > 0.05, LSD test). Henderson–Tilton’s corrected percent mortality is presented in parentheses after each mean. Means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different ( P > 0.05, LSD test). Henderson–Tilton’s corrected percent mortality is presented in parentheses after each mean. Means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different ( P > 0.05, LSD test). Henderson–Tilton’s corrected percent mortality is presented in parentheses after each mean.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».