Novel Scheme to Enhance Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage Production
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) is the present method of choice to produce the initially immobile bitumen in oil sands. However, the unit cost of production and its energy intensity offer room for improvement through further development of the technology. Dissolved gas presents a challenge due to free gas formation upon heating. To establish equilibrium and due to local pressure gradients, this gas is pushed to the edges of the steam chamber, where temperatures are lower. The gas acts as a thermal insulator, reducing the efficiency of heat transfer between the steam and bitumen. Currently, injector wells create small axial pressure gradients which allow for gas to be swept to low pressure locations where it can accumulate and get produced. This study presents a novel well configuration to increase gas production and reservoir sweep efficiency. By drilling the injector well shorter than the producer well and adding tubing to the toe in the producer, the gas will be swept towards the toe and produced. The hot emulsion flowing through the producer annulus will heat the toe region by conduction, allowing the steam chamber to spread progressively towards the toe. A simulation study was conducted. Homogeneous reservoir simulations were performed and the proposed process was compared to several base cases with varying completions, fluid properties, and reservoir properties based on current oil sands projects. Heterogeneous simulations were performed with a non-porous shale baffle in varying locations. Results were compared to classical SAGD and an in-depth analysis was performed to understand the mechanisms behind the improvements and better optimize the process. The homogeneous simulations indicate that the proposed process is very efficient at removing solution gas from the reservoir, which increases oil production rates. Steam to oil ratio (SOR), a measure of process energy efficiency, is reduced. The proposed process outperforms classical SAGD with conventional completion scheme in all heterogeneous simulations as well, both in terms of oil production rate and SOR. Simulations suggest startup can be performed the same as conventional SAGD. Overall, the proposed process is very easy to implement and offers significant benefits over classical SAGD with similar or reduced costs.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».