[An opinion survey among French physicians in independent practice (Winter 2007-Spring 2008)].
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
In the French health care system, most of the ambulatory health services are provided by independent practitioners, GP's and specialists, paid on a fee-for-service basis. Nearly all French residents are enrolled in a public sickness insurance fund. The fund pays directly to the doctor (or reimburse to the patient) on the basis of a honorarium-scale, negotiated by the fund and the medical associations. The specialists working in a private hospital (called "clinique") are considered physicians in independent practice and paid on a fee-for-service basis, whereas the specialists working in public (or para-public) hospitals are salaried. In early 2008, approximately 60 percent of all the medical profession were in independent practice. Out of 100 independent practitioners, 52 declared that their workload was "normal" and 44 that their own was "too heavy". Only 2 percent declared that their workload was "insufficient". The survey showed no correlation between the number of independent physicians working in an area and the average workload of each of them. The competition among medical offices was rather low. At the time of the survey, the French health system was dominated by a wide feeling of medical workforce shortage. However, only one quarter of the independent physicians were convinced that shortage existed in their own area. Difficulties and problems arisen from the relationship with partners were mentioned by a great number of independent practitioners: exaggerate requests from the patients (mentioned by 62%), bureaucratic approaches from the sickness insurance fund (32%), working ties with the public or para-public hospitals (23%)...During the period 2005-2008, the proportion of practitioners having difficulties in their professional relations has increased, in particular among specialists. However, during the same period, there was a change in the mood of the medical profession. The proportion of independent physicians who estimated that their standards of living have remained unchanged or have improved reached 43% in 2008, from 17% three years earlier. This upward trend was even more noticeable among specialists. As concerns the means they used for continuing education, most independent practitioners mentioned the medical journals (87%), the medical textbooks (73%), the medical congresses (66%), the Internet (58%). The refreshing forums organized by professional associations had also a good ranking (64%).
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,004 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,005 | 0,002 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».