Incorporação do Impacto da Rede de Reservatórios Superficiais Artificiais de Caráter Intranual na Modelagem Hidrológica Chuva-Vazão

A hydrologic model’s ability to describe the process-
\nes encompassing the transformation of precipitation into
\nflow rates depends on the assumptions, structure and for-
\nmulations it uses. Models of the spatially distributed type
\nare very attractive. However, the mathematical simplifica-
\ntions used may generate errors when the represented basin's
\nfeatures are very heterogeneous due to natural characteris-
\ntics or to anthropic activity. The river regime in the semi-
\narid Northeast of Brazil has undergone changes due to the
\nconstruction of superficial artificial reservoirs, most of which are small reservoirs of an intra-annual nature.
\nThose small reservoirs make modeling difficult.
\nIn this paper we propose a change to the structure of the
\nSMAP model aiming to explicitly incorporate the represen-
\ntation of small damming. This representation is done by
\ninserting a reservoir into the mathematical model with the
\noperating characteristics which are representative of small
\ndamming behavior. The dimension of that reservoir is a
\ngradable parameter (h RPA) aiming to identity the effect of
\nthis intra-annual regularization.
\nThe proposed model, SMAP-RPA, consists of expanding the
\nSMAP model in its monthly version. Therefore, determin-
\ning the results from the RPA component improves the mod-
\nel’s performance and makes it more realistic when compared
\nto SMAPm's performance. As a result, in cases where the
\ndams in the hydrographic basin do not produce significant
\nvariation in the hydrograph, the “hRPA” parameter is null
\nand the SMAP-RPA operation is the same as in SMAPm.
\nAiming to ascertain the proposed model's validity, we de-
\nveloped a case study by formulating two scenarios accord-
\ning to the flow rate series and the characteristics of 18 hy-
\ndrographic basins located in the state of Ceará. The results
\nsupport the efficiency of small damming representation and
\nthe ensuing efficiency improvement in the adjustments to
\nobserved and calculated series. In this paper we have also
\nnoticed an important scale effect. The basins which were
\naffected most by small damming were those with a drainage
\narea of less than 5,000 km2. The impact of this small
\ndamming on larger scale basins is not detected by the mod-
\nel, which makes the “h RPA” parameter null

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