Household Educational Decision-making in Low-fee Private Primary Schools in Kenya: An Exploratory Mixed Methods Study
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Despite the pronouncement of Free Primary Education (FPE) made by the Government of Kenya in 2003, not all households have equally benefitted from its implementation. Children from many poor households, particularly in urban informal settlements, continue to attend fee-charging private schools which have continued to grow exponentially and to figure prominently on Kenya's educational landscape. To address this conundrum as to why poor Kenyan households are using low-fee private schools (LFP) when there is free primary education in the public schools, I apply notions of social capital and habitus to examine household decision-making pathways. Specifically, I ask which households are using low-fee schools, why, and how do these households navigate and negotiate this emerging educational market.In this study I problematize choice processes as a complex interaction between macro-level institutional policy frameworks, meso-level organizational practices, and micro-level decisions. This mixed methods multilevel study was based on a survey of 209 households from one village in Kibera, and involved five target schools, one public and four low-fee schools. Qualitative in-depth interviews at the state level with Ministry of Education officials, donors, and civil society organizations, as well as school level interviews with school proprietors, teachers, pupils and school management committee (SMC) members, and household level interviews with a smaller set of 21 parents were used to triangulate and to complement findings from the household survey. Overall the study found that decision-making for the economically disadvantaged households in this study was differentiated by the social, cultural, and economic capital they own. As households navigate between public and LFP schools, the results suggest that choice is not equitable as not all households are able to fully exercise their right to choose nor, do they have agency. In many cases households are pushed into a decision. Based on these findings, I propose a categorization of households based on their decision-making pathways into two groups: default decision-makers and strategic decision-makers. The analysis also shows that households rely on social networks, and ethnicity considerations in making school decisions. These decisions however, appear to be reinforcing existing boundaries of social class, and exacerbating stratification in the schools.
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| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,005 | 0,005 |
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| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
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Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
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