Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Two primary purposes of this research were to assess the hydrologic response and to detect the hydrologic similarity of a 9.5 km² needle-leaf forested watershed in the Canadian Prairie province of Alberta known the Marmot Creek basin. In order to achieve these two objectives, three hydrologic models and several analysis methods were applied in this study. -- Topographic index, In(α/tanβ), was calculated by different flow routing algorithms ( single flow and biflow direction algorithms) with 1- and 90-meter resolution digital elevation models (DEM) in this research. A series of maps and tabular outputs showed that in high resolution DEM, the distinction of the frequency distribution of In(α/tanβ) was pronounced between different algorithms. However, in low resolution DEM, the difference was not obvious. -- Evaporative resistances (stomatal and aerodynamic), which was used to calculate potential evapotranspiration (PET), was estimated by Canadian Land Surface Scheme CLASS). Aerodynamic resistance was also produced by the Monteith method (1965) under neutral conditions. The maximum stomatal resistance in the Marmot Creek basin could reach 2000 m s⁻¹ : however, the minimum value was only 0 s⁻¹. A series of comparisons showed that aerodynamic resistance computed by CLASS and Monteith method (1965) were fairly close. -- PET, as one of the input data sets to drive TOPMODEL in this research, was estimated by Penman-Monteith formulation. The peak of PET over the Marmot Creek basin occurred in July, and October had the lowest rate, which was equal to half the peak value in July. The effects of evaporative resistance on PET were also discussed. From the results, it could be concluded that compared to aerodynamic resistance, stomatal resistance had main control of PET. -- TOPMODEL, a topographically-based hydrologic model, was used to assess the hydrologic response in the Marmot Creek basin. This hydrologic model was combined with genetic algorithm (GA) to do calibration and, subsequently, validation with historical streamflow datasets retrieved from the Environment Canada hydrometric database. According to streamflow simulation with TOPMODEL, subsurface flow accounted for 84.9% of the total simulated streamflow during the calibration periods for the Marmot Creek basin. The simulations yielded a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of about 0.611, which was acceptable given the limitations of climate data. However, during the validation phase of the model assessment, there were some discrepancies between the simulated streamflow response and the observed values. Moreover, different In(α/tanβ) distributions were observed using different grid sizes in different flow direction algorithms, but these did not lead to significant departures in all the cases of the simulated streamflow. -- Four-meter resolution IKONOS images were used to perform land cover classification in the Marmot Creek basin through a Decision Tree classifier using Normalized Difference Vegetation index (NDVI) input. The variation of In(α/tanβ) between different land covers was investigated using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results of NOVA showed that no obvious relationship between In(α/tanβ) and the land cover classes could be determined.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».