Basal Combustion-A Recovery Technology for Heavy Oil Reservoirs Underlain by Bottom Water
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract In western Canada, many heavy oil reservoirs are underlain by thick bottom water. Very few of these reservoirs are commercially exploitable by conventional cold production or thermal technologies because of the high water mobility. The water zone could act as a strong water source that causes production wells to water-out quickly or a strong energy sink that takes away most of the injected heat energy. As a result, these reservoirs are generally not attractive, despite the enormous oil resources contained in them. Can the high mobility of water be beneficial to oil recovery? Can the known properties of bottom water (e.g. the oil-water contact, viscosity, density and thermodynamic properties of water, etc.) be used as process tools to implement a successful recovery process? This paper attempts to address the above issues by introducing a new "Basal Combustion" concept that is built on the energy and mass transport characteristics of bottom water. Numerical simulation results indicated that with the help of an effective transport and gathering system, a near level combustion surface could be initiated at the bottom of a heavy oil zone. The gas and water flows could serve as underground "conveyor belts" to deliver heat to the cold oil zone and at the same time remove mobilized and upgraded oils from the high temperature regions. High recovery and high energy efficiency can be expected. Introduction The Basal Combustion Process was conceived by not equating "bottom water" to "problems". Rather, the predictable features of bottom water were being sought after as tools for developing a new enhanced oil recovery technology. Specifically, the well-known transport and thermodynamic properties of water were considered as potential assets for solving the mechanistic problems of in-situ combustion. If the high predictability and reliability of heat and mass flows in bottom water could be translated into low operating risk, the injection of combustion air through bottom water would mean energy efficiency and profitability for in-situ combustion. Observations from field operations and numerical simulation studies indicated that when gas is injected into a bottom water heavy oil reservoir, most of it will flow along the upper part of the water zone and form a "basal gas layer" underneath the heavy oil zone. If oxygen is contained the gas, this "basal gas layer" could become an extremely good in-situ combustion site. The reasons are:the oxygen rich gas is in direct contact with hydrocarbon fuels, andonce ignited, this combustion layer will utilize a "heating from below" (or hot plate heating) mechanism to mobilize and upgrade the hydrocarbons above it. The potential benefits of Basal Combustion to heavy oil development in Alberta can be very significant. However, it would be risky to conduct field tests without a more concrete understanding of how this concept could be applied. Numerical simulation is therefore an effective method to obtain preliminary information for assessing the process feasibility and identifying needs for laboratory research work.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,012 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».