Analysis and Correlations of Viscous Fingering in Low-Tension Polymer Flooding in Heavy Oil Reservoirs
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Low-tension polymer flooding (LTPF) can be an alternative for improving the recovery from some problematic heavy oil reservoirs, especially thin formations, where thermal methods face some challenges. A major technical challenge in LTPF is that a fingered displacement front may occur. Therefore, it is important to predict the nature of instability, to avoid viscous fingering, or, where it is inevitable, to be capable of including it as an additional factor in modeling displacement. Previous experiments of viscous fingering in immiscible displacements have been conducted in the presence of high permeabilities and linear displacement schemes. The question is whether previous findings are valid in displacement schemes similar to oil-field patterns (e.g., five-spot) in which one should deal with varying velocity profiles from injector(s) to producer(s). Hence, the effect of dispersion caused by varying velocity profiles has not been tested completely on viscous fingering. To help understand viscous fingering in LTPF in heavy oil reservoirs and to overcome the aforementioned limitations, we conducted experiments in relatively low-permeability, one-quarter, five-spot patterns. Foremost parameters, including oil recoveries at different times to breakthrough, pressure drops, cumulative saturation profiles, mean local saturations, finger lengths and widths, the dynamic level of bypassing, the dynamic population of fingers, the rate of growth of the population of fingers, and the number frequency of the fingers, were measured. We have correlated some of these parameters with the displacement time and front position. In summary, three distinct regions were identified for the viscous fingering patterns: onset of fingering, spreading phase, and end of sideways growth. The results also show that the finger width is comparable with the pore size and the fingerlike instabilities exist both in front of and behind the unstable front. Furthermore, the dynamic population of the macrofingers is well correlated with the square root of the time, and the profile of mean local oil saturation versus traveled distance is almost linear. Finally, the sharpest increase in the rate of growth of the finger population versus dimensionless pressure drop is accompanied with the sharpest pressure drop occurring at the onset of fingering and axial finger propagation during the early stages. A subsequent relatively uniform trend of the pressure drop versus time occurs during the spreading phase. Analysis of the experimentally observed fingering patterns of LTPF in this study is the most detailed interpretation performed to date, which provides new insight into the onset of fingering and finger development.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».