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Medicare Health Accounts: A New Policy Option to Help Adults Save for Health Care Expenses Not Covered by Medicare

2005· article· en· W2489250579 sur OpenAlexaboutno aff
Sara R. Collins, Alyssa L. Holmgren, Karen Davis, Sabrina K. H. How

Notice bibliographique

Revuenon disponible
Typearticle
Langueen
DomaineBusiness, Management and Accounting
ThématiqueFinancial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis
Établissements canadiensnon disponible
Organismes subventionnairesnon disponible
Mots-clésHealth careBusinessQuarter (Canadian coin)Actuarial scienceMedicineEconomicsEconomic growth
DOInon disponible

Résumé

récupéré en direct d'OpenAlex

U.S. health care costs are climbing by 7 percent a year and are expected to continue to outpace growth in the economy over the next decade. Rapid medical cost inflation disproportionately affects those with the greatest health care needs and the most exposure to health costs. Among those at greatest risk are older adults. While Medicare was designed to protect people over age 65 from health costs and facilitate access to needed services, the program has substantial costsharing requirements and does not cover such high-cost services as long-term care. Medicare beneficiaries spend 22 percent of their incomes on premiums and out-of-pocket medical expenses—a figure that is projected to increase to 30 percent by 2025. In 2004, Medicare Part B monthly premiums for physician and other services averaged $67, while premiums for private supplemental insurance ranged from $144 to $230. Employer retiree health benefits have provided relief to some retirees, but in the past few years many employers have limited benefits or dropped them altogether. While savings will increasingly be needed to fill the gaps in Medicare benefits, Americans are saving less than ever before. In 2004, personal savings dropped to just 1 percent of household disposable income, down from a peak of 11 percent 20 years earlier. New strategies are needed to encourage people to save more for their retirement.The Commonwealth Fund Survey of Older Adults, a nationally representative sample of 2,007 adults ages 50 to 70 conducted in late 2004, asked respondents about their interest in new savings accounts that could be created within the Medicare program. Such accounts would allow people to automatically save for health costs that are not currently covered by Medicare. With Medicare Health Accounts, up to 1 percent of earnings could be deducted automatically from people’s paychecks and placed in an account in the Medicare program. The savings could then be used by people in their retirement to cover costs of long-term care, home health, and other costs not covered by Medicare. Among older adults in households in which at least one member was working, nearly seven of 10 (69%) said they would be interested in having a Medicare Health Account (Figure 1). Respondents were asked whether they would be interested in having 1 percent of their or their spouse’s earnings deducted from their paycheck, tax-free, and placed in their own Medicare account to use for long-term care or other expenses not covered by Medicare. There was broadbased, majority interest in the proposal across income groups, regions of the country, and health status. Democrats, Republicans, and Independents expressed equally high rates of interest (Figure 2). Similarly, interest among older adults with incomes of less than $20,000 was nearly as high as that among older adults with incomes of $60,000 or more (Figure 3). Interest was greatest among the youngest in the age range. More than three-quarters (76%) of older adults under age 55

Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.

Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier

Prédiction distillée sur la base complète

Imitation des enseignants

Ni prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.

score de la tête « metaresearch » (Codex)0,001
score de la tête « metaresearch » (Gemma)0,001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aStatut de validation: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Catégories candidatesMéta-épidémiologie (sens strict)
Catégories consensuellesaucune
DomaineSignal candidat: aucune · Signal consensuel: aucune
Devis d'étudeSignal candidat: Sans objet · Signal consensuel: Sans objet
GenreSignal candidat: Empirique · Signal consensuel: aucune
Score de désaccord entre enseignants0,459
Score d'incertitude au seuil1,000

Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie

CatégorieCodexGemma
Métarecherche0,0010,001
Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict)0,0000,000
Méta-épidémiologie (sens large)0,0010,000
Bibliométrie0,0010,001
Études des sciences et des technologies0,0010,000
Communication savante0,0000,001
Science ouverte0,0010,000
Intégrité de la recherche0,0000,000
Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger)0,0010,000

Scores machine (provisoires)

Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.

Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.

Tête enseignante Opus0,014
Tête enseignante GPT0,299
Écart entre enseignants0,285 · la distance entre les deux têtes enseignantes sur ce seul travail
Statut de validationscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle

Classification

machine, non validée

Prédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.

Devis d'étudeSans objet
Domainenon disponible
GenreEmpirique

Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».

En bref

Citations2
Publié2005
Routes d'admission1
Résumé présentoui

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