Petrology, diagenesis, and reservoir potential of the Surat Basin sandstones with special reference to hydrocarbon exploration
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The detrital composition of the Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous Surat Basin sandstones comprises a wide spectrum ranging from quartzarenite through sublitharenite and feldsarenite/lithic feldsarenite to feldspathic litharenite. The sandstones are subdivided into two petrofacies: quartzose having more than 50% QFR detrital quartz, and labile having less than 50% detrital quartz. The results of petrographic modal analyses illustrate the characteristically dual-provenance basin-fill pattern of the succession, namely, an andesitic magmatic arc to the east-northeast and a stable craton consisting of plutono-metamorphic terrains and sedimentary and silicic volcanic rocks in older basins and platforms in the flanking cratonic regions. The labile sandstones are derived from the magmatic arc which intermittently shed volcanogenic detritus into the subsiding foreland basin. Conversely, the quartzose facies received predominantly cratonic input (deposited during waning phases of magmatism in the arc and concomitant gentle rise of the foreland) with some additional sediments from the arc which presumably was dissected to varying degrees during these periods of relative tectonic quiescence. Sandstones of the whole Mesozoic succession in the Surat Basin comprise several petrologic cycles each of which begins with a craton-derived quartzose facies and ends with an arcderived quartz-poor labile facies. These cycles reflect the episodic tectonic activity of the arc-craton couplet during basin evolution. -- A study of the geologic evolution of sandstone reservoir characteristics suggests that compaction and cementation have both reduced primary porosity and permeability to an extent that is dependent on detrital composition and texture. On the other hand, subsequent dissolution of framework grains and cement have created secondary porosity that is present in varying proportions in sandstones of all mineralogic compositions. Two mechanisms are thought to have been especially important in the development of secondary dissolution porosity in the Surat Basin sandstones: firstly, selective framework-grain and interstitial cement dissolution caused by organic maturation products emanating from intercalated mudrocks prior to the onset of hydrocarbon generation; and secondly, meteoric flushing of the basin consequent upon the inception of its artesian character (i.e., as a geographic component of the Great Artesian Basin) in the Tertiary. -- Diagenetic clay minerals are present in all stratigraphic units, either as individual species or in preferred species associations, and invariably are found to have reduced porosity and permeability. Their effects on reservoir characteristics are a function of the abundance, mineralogy, crystallographic habits, and geometry of distribution of the clay within the reservoir. Some of the clay minerals are fresh-waterand/ or acid-sensitive whereas others are prone to effect a mechanical migration-of-fines problem due to pressure-differential between the formation and the well during drilling, testing and hydrocarbon production. Furthermore, the presence of interstitial clays, whether detrital or authigenic, has drastically increased the proportion of microporosty while at the same time reduced effective (macro-) porosity - information about which phenomena is crucial for reliable estimation of hydrocarbon reserves. -- The diagenetic clay minerals in the Surat Basin are found to follow certain stratigraphic and geographic trends: the relatively quartzose sandstones contain mainly kaolinite with some minor smectite, illitesmectite and chlorite whereas formations rich in volcanogenic detritus are characterised by smectite, mixed-layer smectite-illite, and minor kaolinite. -- A quantitative study employing multiple regression analysis indicates that the present-day porosity of the Surat Basin sandstones is primarily a function of five variables; in order of decreasing importance they are the diagenetic cement, detrital mineralogy, geologic age, burial depth and depositional environments. The present study also confirmed in a quantitative manner the notion and observations of various workers that: in a retro-arc foreland basin, hydrocarbon reservoirs occur preferentially in the craton-derived mineralogically mature quartzose sandstones; and conversely, petroleum source-rocks preferentially comprise the arc-derived finer-grained lithic/labile volcanogenic rocks that are prone to be 'tight' because of their greater physical and chemical reactivities. A literature survey of the Mesozoic Western Canada Basin indicates a similar pattern of association suggesting that the occurrence of hydrocarbons in retro-arc foreland basins probably follows this general pattern world-wide.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».