Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The legal framework governing health care in New Zealand is similar in many respects that in Canada and other common law jurisdictions. There are however, some important differences, which are of interest from both an academic and a practical perspective. In addition, New Zealand health law is in the midst of an especially dynamic period, with legislative reforms recently undertaken or on the horizon in a number of areas. This paper will briefly describe a few of the more significant current developments, aiming highlight features that are unique New Zealand or otherwise of particular interest. 1. Context: The New Zealand health care system and legal system The health care system in New Zealand is composed of a comprehensive public system much like Canada's, but unlike in Canada a parallel system of private insurance and private clinics and hospitals exists alongside the public system. The public system is administered by 21 District Health Boards (DHBs), reporting and receiving funding from the Ministry of Health. The DHBs are generally responsible for planning and providing services for the population of a specific area, though the Ministry retains a degree of direct involvement in some areas including mental health and public health. (1) There are a few significant differences between the New Zealand and Canadian legal systems that are relevant health care. First, unlike Canada and neighbouring Australia, New Zealand is a unitary jurisdiction with no provinces or territories, so there is no division of powers and national legislation regulates health care throughout the country. A further difference is the lack of a written constitution or a constitutional charter of rights. The New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 (2) includes many of the same rights as the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, but has only the status of ordinary legislation and gives way an inconsistent provision in another statute. (3) As well as the rights life and liberty, the Bill of Rights includes explicit rights be subjected or scientific experimentation without ... consent and to refuse undergo any treatment. (4) Apart from these differences in general public law, the most striking--and probably the best known--feature of the New Zealand legal system that is relevant health law is the existence of a no-fault compensation system for personal injuries due accident. A brief discussion of this scheme as it applies medical misadventure will be discussed in the next section. Before turning that topic, one important institution should be mentioned: the Health and Disability Commissioner (HDC). The HDC was created in response the report of the Cartwright Inquiry, (5) a committee of inquiry established in 1987 following public outcry about a research study undertaken at the National Women's Hospital in Auckland. From 1966 the mid-1980s, women at the hospital were subjected repeated cervical smear tests and biopsies without being offered adequate treatment, in order test a theory that carcinoma in situ was not a precursor of invasive cervical cancer, as was (and still is) the prevailing view. The great majority of women were not informed that they were participating in a research study, and it appeared that obvious symptoms of invasive cancer were overlooked or downplayed. Following protests by members of the community and the public, a committee of inquiry was established, led by Justice Silvia Cartwright. (6) Among the recommendations of the inquiry was the need appoint a Health Commissioner receive and investigate complaints and raise health professionals' awareness of patients' rights, and the need develop a statement of patients' rights. In 1994, the office of the HDC was established, (7) and the Code of Health and Disability Services Consumers' Rights (the Code) was enacted as a regulation in 1996. (8) This Code includes the right be treated with respect; freedom from discrimination, coercion, harassment and exploitation; dignity and independence; services of an appropriate standard; effective communication; be fully informed; make an informed choice and give informed consent; support; and complain about a health or disability service provider. …
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,014 | 0,021 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,004 | 0,005 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,005 | 0,018 |
| Communication savante | 0,014 | 0,012 |
| Science ouverte | 0,003 | 0,005 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,006 | 0,006 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,024 | 0,003 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».