GUN LAUNCH SYSTEM FOR SMALL SATELLITES: A FRESH LOOK
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The concept of launching small satellites to low earth orbits by means of standard gun is called to be fully implemented, for the first time since it was formulated. For this purpose, it is proposed to use the original Gun Launch System (GLS) being developed by several Ukrainian high-tech companies. This system is able to deliver the payloads weighing up to 5-7 kg to the altitudes of up to 100 kilometres. It is shown that the system, after proper modernisation, will be ideally suited for launching nanoand picosatellites, and have multiple advantages as compared to the conventional launch systems, as well as alternative NanoSat launchers being developed elsewhere. The program of the existing GLS improvement, testing and adaptation to launching satellites in question has been elaborated. 1. BRIEF PRE-HISTORY The idea of launching small satellites to low earth orbits by means of standard gun was born back in the middle of the XX century. It was the HARP orbital program jointly financed by the Canadian and US governments in 1964-1967, that could be considered as a forerunner of the proposed approach. The ultimate goal of the HARP program was Martlet 4 – a full-bore, multi-stage, gun-launchable rocket. The original Martlet 4 parameters called for a vehicle with three solid stages able to launch a payload between 25 and 50 pounds into low earth orbit from the 16 inch L86 gun on the Barbados flight range with an all up shot weight on the order of 2000 pounds. Development trials for the Martlet 4 began in the fall of 1966 with tests proceeding into early 1967. The majority of the early work was conducted on the Highwater, Quebec test range where the structural integrity of the Martlet 4 first stage motor during gun-launching was proven. Due to a series of obstacles, different in nature, the HARP was cancelled in the middle of 1967. It was not able to successfully gun-launch a satellite, although it proved the feasibility of a low-cost, gun-launched satellite system [1]. 2. THE PROPOSED SYSTEM Today there are good chances to prove viability and multiple advantages of the GLS as compared to the conventional launch systems, proceeding from the latest achievements in the field of micro-miniaturisation, nanotechnology, instrumentation and control of the satellites, as well as from advanced launcher technologies. As a first step on this way, it is proposed to make demonstrations to the expert community of how the original GLS being developed by several Ukrainian high-tech companies works. The core of the system is a reusable sub-orbital launch vehicle (RSLV) equipped with the solid/combustion ram-jet engine, control and recovery systems (see figure below). Its length is 120 to 150 centimetres, diameter – 150 or 203 millimetres (NATO Standard gun calibre adaptation is foreseen), weight – 30 kilograms. The rocket projectile initial speed is 965 meters per second.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,002 | 0,004 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,011 | 0,003 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».